Marketing It is not only that a business enterprise must get raw materials for production, but it also must dispose of off their output. It was the first time the inflation rate has risen since it began to fall in January 2017, when it hit a 12-year high of 18.7%. Security and development are also related in the sense that being a public good, the imperative to maintain security competes with other public goods such as education, health, and infrastructure for public funds. This frequently causes a sense of perceived unfairness by the government and its agents towards these communities. Social media anxiety disorder is related to social anxiety, a mental illness which happens when social media affects the mental and physical health of a person, causing one to feel inadequate, jealous, incompetent and unsatisfied. Workers incomes are no longer sufficient to purchase physical goods from marketplaces. The judiciary ought to have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales for cases. Why eNaira? He mentioned the following as solutions to the issue of insecurity: Leadership development- It is viewed that Nigeria will have to develop visionary leadership, a leadership that is detribalized such that it has at leadership positions only people who are able to inculcate in their people or followers, the idea of common citizenship as the transcendent factor among all Nigerians, no matter the tribe, gender, religion, economic and social status. Advantages and disadvantages of statelessness. 5 Bauchi State - Bauchi. Aluta pointed out that it is necessary to distinguish between different causes as each may require a different remedy. It is generally argued however that security is not the absence of threats or security issues, but the ability to rise to the challenges posed by these threats with expediency and expertise. These migrants which are mostly young men are some of the perpetrators of crime in the country. 1. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Also, the porosity of the Nigerian borders has made it possible for an unwarranted influx of migrants from neighboring countries such as the Republic of Niger, Chad, and the Republic of Benin. 1. They were too preoccupied with reading textbooks to understand how to apply what they had learned. Lack of IGR: many state's internal generated revenue can barely sustain salary payment. Uchenna Simeon does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Despite these efforts, the level of insecurity in the country is still high. acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA), Android App Development with Kotlin(Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Differences between Black Box Testing vs White Box Testing, Software Engineering | Coupling and Cohesion, Functional vs Non Functional Requirements, Differences between Verification and Validation, Software Engineering | Classical Waterfall Model, Software Engineering | Requirements Engineering Process, Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Format, Software Engineering | Architectural Design, Difference between Alpha and Beta Testing, Software Engineering | Iterative Waterfall Model, Software Engineering | Introduction to Software Engineering, Difference between Spring and Spring Boot, Software Engineering | Quality Characteristics of a good SRS, Difference between High Level Design and Low Level Design, Class Diagram for Library Management System, Software Engineering | Requirements Elicitation, Software Engineering | Software Characteristics, Software Engineering | Seven Principles of software testing. Attending school provides you with extra information, allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker, or shoemaker, for example. Oil spills deplete soil microorganisms and nutrients, which impacts Delta fishing and farming communities as well as the broader economy. And even when these exist, some personnel get influenced by ethnic, religious, or communal sentiment and are easily swallowed by their personal interest to serve their people, rather than the nation. In Nigeria, the variables range from theft to organized armed robbery, kidnapping and demand for ransom, assassination, repeated invasion and blockading of business installations, social injustice, unemployment, lack of access to livelihood resources, the rising cost of living, and bombing, pipelines destruction. Beyond the external-internal dichotomy, sources of insecurity have also been classified as either remote or proximate and immediate sources/causal factors. A State of Emergency helps: It was during the presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo . h. Finding a remedy to corruption has proven to be a dead end throughout the years. Recommended: How to buy land in Nigeria: Important documents you will need. Apart from the absence of qualified personnel and relevant ambulance equipment, sustainability is an issue.4 Most government ambulance services started and then quickly collapsed when the. Many others have also linked security to the governance system. Best businesses to start with N100k in Nigeria and be successful, Causes, Effects and Solutions to Brain Drain in Nigeria, Causes, Effects and Solutions to Conflict in Africa, Countries with the best justice system in the world 2022, Effects of Unemployment On Individuals and the society, Problems of the Nigerian educational system, How to buy land in Nigeria: Important documents you will need, Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet, Best Programming Languages for Artificial Intelligence. Corruption manifests itself in a variety of ways and infiltrates all political and economic organizations. It can be more costly than expense of regularly implementing preventive maintenance. Your email address will not be published. 2 Adamawa - State Yola. The activities of the avengers were responsible for the epileptic power supply in the country as well as the inability of state governors to pay workers salaries due to the low revenue generated in the oil sector as a result of the attack on pipelines. Rural/Urban Drift The migration of jobless youths from rural areas to urban centers is also one of the causes of insecurity in Nigeria. In addition, there should be a complete overhaul of the security institutions in the country to reflect international standards of best practices so as to pre-empt these security breaches. In order to ameliorate the incidence of crime, the federal government has embarked on the criminalization of terrorism bypassing the Anti-Terrorism Act in 2011, fundamental surveillance as well as investigation of criminal related offenses, heightening of physical security measures around the country aimed at deterring or disrupting potential attacks, strengthening of security agencies through the provision of security facilities and the development and broadcast of security tips in mass media. FILE - A woman carries a placard as she shouts a slogan during a "Walk Against Rape" march in Lagos, Nigeria, Oct. 5, 2011. Apart from the outright closure of a business enterprise, an existing business can also be affected in the four functional areas of business shown below such as production, marketing, finance, and human resource (H/R). Nigeria runs a federal system a situation where the federating units are expected to enjoy autonomy. The state of national emergency ended on 13 May 2020 at 12:21pm and was replaced by a National Transition Period. It poses a serious threat to many peoples lives, which is one of the reasons why many workers are requesting pay raises. Our law enforcement agencies must therefore be incorruptible and fair. This has made national security threat to be a major issue for the government and has prompted a huge allocation of the national budget to security. Small Arms and Light Weapons proliferation and the availability of these weapons have enabled militant groups and criminal groups to have easy access to arms. Searches can be conducted without a warrant, suspects can be arrested and detained without being charged, special laws can be enacted to punish those who flout the emergency rules, quasi-judicial bodies can be set up to try offenders, rights to lawful assembly and freedom of expression and communication can be restricted, the Nigerian government can decide to take over the executive and legislative functions of the affected state, destruction and confiscation of private property without compensation to the victims. Some of the current conflicts in the country may be traced back to this forced union. Nigerias annual inflation rate rose to 11.23 percent in August 2018, up from 11.14 percent in July, which was higher than the markets forecast of 11.11 percent. 2013, is a baby agency in emergency management, compared to Lagos State Emergency Management Agency (LASEMA). You also gave solutions. Foreign investors in the Nigerian economy are moving away from starting new companies or production plants and are buying up shares of quoted companies instead. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. About 1.5% of its territory is covered by water. Pervasive Material Inequalities and Unfairness Greater awareness of disparities in life is a major root cause of insecurity in Nigeria. The civil war can easily be traced back . Top among these are the widespread corruption, overpopulation in schools, few market-relevant courses, and general unaffordability of a good education. One of main advantages of emergency maintenance is that there is no initial planning involved so initial cost involved to maintain equipment before failure occurrence is safe. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! The state of insecurity in the country besides the issue of lack of regular electricity supply, which itself is a source of economic insecurity in the country is repelling investors. 2. Nigerians are tired of going to the polls on election day only to discover that their ballots havent been counted. During the enforcement of emergency rule, however, these principles might not be adhered to. This is in addition to the poor attitudinal and behavioral disposition of security personnel. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! This will contribute to the countrys unity and build greater trust among all tribes. The essence of this provision is to enable the president to . The Siracusa Principles limit which rights can be infringed. Border settlement inside the country is still a work in progress. On the upside, Nigeria benefits from its relatively large market size, which bears the potential for significant economics of scales; a relatively efficient labor market, driven by its flexibility, and a solid financial market following its gradual recovery. ppt/slides/_rels/slide15.xml.rels Terrorism At the most proximate and least disputable level, terrorism is the most fundamental source of insecurity in Nigeria today, and its primary bases and sources of support have generally been located in religious fanaticism and intolerance. 2. In Nigeria, cases that bother on corruption and insecurity have most often been compromised. New Jersey, and Connecticut and the 2005 hurricanes that ripped through the Southern states, exposed the vulnerabilities within our cities and in many private industries, including those covering the industrial, transportation and healthcare markets. Problems in Nigeria and Solutions: Nigeria is Africas most populated country and the worlds sixth most populous country. Thus, the law is no longer acting as a deterrent. The combined emergency management authorities, policies, procedures, and resources of local, State, and Federal Governments as well as voluntary disaster relief organizations, the private sector, and international sources constitute a national disaster response framework for providing assistance, following a major disaster or emergency. Inflation is a significant issue in the country. The consistent pattern of post damage responses to national security has been attributed to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel. This organization has filed a lawsuit against the government for control of money derived from the sale of crude oil produced in their territory. Diseases like HIV/AIDS have also been a major problem that has cost the government billions of dollars to address. Politics overtime has done more damage than good in Nigeria, by sometimes leading to loss of life's and properties. A particular feature of the current state of emergency is the unusually large number of persons that have been detained as a result of it: These include high civil servants, prominent business people, religious leaders, trade unionists and other civic leaders. Finance Insecurity also increases security spending by business organizations. As mentioned above, a lack of preparation can . In the latest violence, 53 people were killed and 13. K= 7 ! ppt/slides/_rels/slide13.xml.rels The administration has also pledged an equitable transfer of wealth to the people, which should be implemented. , 8 [Content_Types].xml ( n0'"Nn"RCpmXy$ Therefore, the government, civil society groups, business organizations,s, and individuals must fight insecurity so as to create an enabling environment where business organizations will feel free and secured to achieve their full potentials and the country will itself be safe to achieve sustainable development. In his view, security engagement cannot be separated from good governance. This digital currency will promote financial inclusion, meaning those who are unbanked can get easier and safer access to money on their mobile phones. Members of the Niger-Delta militants have reintroduced the use of weaponry in expressing their grievances. g. Since we are all aware of our economys job dilemma, everyone should strive for a back up plan. If there are no jobs in the economy, try to create some. All of these values which made society secured and safe have all gradually been thrown away and lost. Nigerian troops, aided by troops from Niger and Chad burst into the town looking for guerrillas. CDC and Nigeria partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020. Ethno-Religious Conflicts These have arisen from distrust among various ethnic groups and among the major religions in the country. The Socio-Economic Development-This factor is strongly considered as the major key to peace and security in Nigeria. According to a source, the females were between the ages of 17 and 18. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels The ethnoreligious conflict was defined as a situation in which the relationship between members of one ethnic or religious group and another of such group in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society is characterized by lack of cordiality, mutual suspicion, and fear, and a tendency towards violent confrontation. With the lingering security challenges and the inability of the security apparatus of the government to guarantee safety and security in the country, the question that borders everyone in Nigeria today is can there be security? Is the security of lives and properties achievable? K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide9.xml.rels See Reasons. Institutions remain weak with insufficiently protected property, rights, high corruption, and undue influence. In addition, some firms have shifted their operations to other countries like Ghana which is deemed to be more peaceful. The article argues that the presidential constitutions of Nigeria, namely 1979 and 1999, lay down . In addition, the countrys GDP fell by -13.4 percent in the first quarter of 2018. In order to facilitate this collaboration, Memoranda of Understanding have been signed by several United Nations agencies; these agreements aim to clarify roles and responsibilities in emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes, and outline commitments to joint activities within agency competencies. The Nigerian government requires a rebirth. x|J%H7rN`%_rGb@X\v0/t)'.C; th7_w'unVvjJ~ix 53qQmbI+>ocuj6XXj5Lkf`uAvlALk0/!8N>:F'8NpStl!~W,~_7,NgOfO{iT-jkxt-!(mCVx`o! VfpVA/7ev0=_0M)Lc Following the military's truly outstanding performance after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, there were calls for active-duty troops to take a more robust - and even leading - role in disaster operations, to include law enforcement. Political leaders have a history of engaging in corrupt practices. Quantitative data was obtained using . The isolated cases of arson, killings and destruction of public and private properties do not threaten the survival or national security of Nigeria. Finally, dealing alone with the issues mentioned above will not appraise the root causes of insecurity. Instead, a coordinated preventive measure is necessary for addition to military strategies and judicial institutions. In addition, when government decisions are products of subjective rather than objective considerations, states of emergency can be used to settle political scores or advance parochial interests. effective emergency response. A situation where the country earns a great deal of revenue through oil sales but fails to use these earnings to meet the needs of its people and to develop infrastructure as well as the economy. The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 as amended empowers the country's President in section 305 to declare a State Emergency in the whole country or any part thereof if the country is involved in any crisis situation caused by either human beings or natural phenomena such as earthquake, floods, erosion etc. Loss of Socio-cultural and communal value system -The traditional value system of the Nigerian society like most African societies is characterized by such endearing features as collectivism, loyalty to authority and community, truthfulness, honesty, hard work, tolerance, love for others, Mutual harmony and co-existence, and identification of an individual with another (Other distinctive features of Nigerian traditional society are abhorrence for theft and high value for life. It is argued that except our values are right, we cannot get it right as a nation in all of the areas that we have itemized, and except we get it right in those areas, the people will continue to suffer deprivation and injustice which will cause dissatisfaction and disaffection and consequently create an insecure environment. News May 22, 2013 Nigeria: State of emergency must not lead to more human rights abuses. For this reason, a federal system of government is the best system of government for a multi-ethnic country. In the first quarter of 2016, it fell by -13.98 percent. :c7HN|g>c91I@sXdXr1}fr`6'sgJm1TixgLME5+ Such that there is the temptation to lose sight of the fact that such a declaration can also arise due to natural disasters and calamity as provided for under section 305(3)(e). In Nigeria, there have been major national disasters in the last few years. 21. Inconsistent economic policies: In Nigeria, every Government comes into office in with their own economic policies which often differ from the policies of the previous administration, hence the previous policies suffer fatally from poor implementation because before it is fully implemented to produce maximum result in our economy, the tenure of the initiator will elapse, and the policies will not be implemented further by the proceeding administration, so therefore resulting in a situation of an ever changing and poorly implemented economic policies which does no good to the growth of our economy. This is crucial because if businesses fold up and investors are no longer forthcoming, then the future is bleak. K= 7 ! This exerts pressure on the business for manpower at any cost. Lastly, a state of emergency can be abused unless both the legislature and judiciary can assert their independence in practice, and rule of law is made the cardinal principle of governance. When these situations exist, the crime rate is bound to rise and the security of lives and properties cannot be guaranteed. Being your own boss pays better than anything else. State governments work with insurers to offer programs that can provide insurance for these individuals. A State of Emergency, according to state law, can be declared during a situation or imminent threat of widespread or severe damage, injury or loss of life or property, resulting from a natural or man-made cause. The process of developing visionary leadership can be challenging, but however, it can be overcome by using institutions of the Nigerian constitution as a nursery ground to produce leaders with national outlook and with a missionary zeal to transform the nation. However, Nigeria in recent times has witnessed an unprecedented level of insecurity such as Boko Haram activities, banditry, kidnapping, Fulani-Herders-Farmers clashes that resulted in Ondo State issuance of Quit notice to Fulanis in the State. I what to know the genesis of thi Located in western Africa and bordered by Cameroon, Chad, Benin, and Niger, Nigeria occupies a land mass of approximately 924,000 km 2 (357,000 mi 2 ), about twice the size of California. Lack of institutional capacity resulting in government failure described as the corrosion or breakdown of institutional infrastructures. International monitors witnessed widespread vote box theft in 2007, and while the situation improved in 2011, ballot-rigging remained widespread. There is a lot of debate about the Northern agenda and the Southern agenda, but not much about the Nigerian agenda., Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Conflict in Africa. 3.2. emergency management in nigeria: history and current situation 52 3.3. emergency response organisations in nigeria 53 3.4. correlation between emergency management stakeholders in nigeria 59 3.5. government and law-making structure for disaster management in nigeria 61 3.5.1. the national disaster management framework (ndmf) in nigeria 63 3.6. By using our site, you 25/03/2020. The problem of Amalgamation: The British colonial authorities constructed Nigeria as a geographical place to make administration easier. The problem of Internal Land Conflicts: Land ownership disputes have frequently caused conflicts among Nigerians. 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