There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. As he was allowed to enter the palace, he asked that he become an adoptive son of Emperor Xuanzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang Guifei, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. Result: Tang victory . After my death, he will be your emperor." Repr. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during Zhang was set to execute An Lushan by caning, when An Lushan yelled out, "Is it that you, Lord, do not wish to destroy the two barbarian tribes? When Zhang returned to Chang'an and praised An, Emperor Xuanzong promoted An to be the commandant at Ying Prefecture and the commander of Pinglu Army, to defend against the Khitan, the Xi, Balhae, and the Heishui Mohe. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. [40], By this time, the Tang generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi had fought their way into Emperor An's territory north of the Yellow River, cutting off the communication between Luoyang and Fanyang, causing much fear in An's troops. Came for this. Please leave feedback on this test message here. 1976. Emperor Xuanzong commissioned the general Feng Changqing as military governor of Fanyang and Pinglu, intending to have him replace An after An's rebellion was defeated. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Originally a secret member of the Golden Turtles, the Chinese branch of the Order of the Ancients, his bitter feud with Yang Guozhong over leadership of the Golden Turtles spilled out into court The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. You must log in or register to reply here. His actions led to two princesses of the royal clan, who were married to Khitan and Xi leaders as part of the heqin policy, being executed in retaliation,[33] and both groups rebelled in 745, though An defeated them. An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. What is a crown prince?" [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Estimates vary, but the Taiping Rebellion is believed to have claimed between 20 million and 70 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. The beginning of the An Shi Rebellion in 756 marked the watershed of Tang power. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). An Rokhan grew up in a town in rmqi, and was working as a sartapo in the market when he was accused of sheep theft and sentenced to death. The death toll affected the Tang An Qingzong, who was then at Chang'an, reported Yang's attack to An Lushan, causing considerable concern to An Lushan, who, thereafter, refused to attend the funeral of an imperial prince in summer 755, and did not offer to send a large number of horses to Chang'an that autumn, which aroused the suspicions of Emperor Xuanzong. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. His mother was a Turkic Shaman, and belonged to the nobility of a Turkish clan. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . Establishing the new capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, in 1522 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V proclaimed Corts captain-general of New Spain as a reward for his services and genocide. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. Referensi [ sunting | sunting Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. Although not even close to the longest war in history, the consequences of World War II were both lasting and devastating. Also surrendering to Yan forces were the former chancellor Chen Xilie and the key officials Zhang Jun () and Zhang Ji (), and An made Chen and Zhang Ji chancellors as well. It is estimated to have caused the death of thirty-six million people, due to battle, oppression and famine. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Tang dynasty. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Wikimedia Commons. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Fighting between the kingdoms, plus disease and famine cost an estimated 40,000,000 lives. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. Matsui 1981. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. The An Lushan Rebellion. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. Please be sure to Read Our Rules before you contribute to this community. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. An Lushan Rebellion. An Lushan Rebellion. FOR SALE! WebAn Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a SogdianGktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. In total, across more than a century of warfare the Mongols are believed to have been directly responsible for the deaths of 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 people, in addition to displacing hundreds of millions and indirectly causing the calamitous Black Plague in Europe. However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. He was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, and during frequent visits to the capital, became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. He subsequently had Shi defend against the Khitan counterattack, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan. Up Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the He escaped from the city and joined the Tang army as a mercenary. The name An Lushan is the Sinicized version of the name An Rokhan. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). 33,500+. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. 142,000+. [32], An often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. Yang, however, persisted in his reports against An. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. (This order was against the advice of Geshu, Guo, and Li Guangbi that the proper strategy was to secure Tong Pass and let Guo and Li Guangbi capture the Yan territory to the north.) Morton, W. Scott, and Charlton M. Lewis. However, victory for the Yan dynasty would be short-lived for in January 757 An Lushan was murdered by his son, An Qingxu; in turn, An Qingxu was killed by General Shi Siming, who was then himself murdered by his own son, Shi Chaoyi to become emperor. An Lushan suffered from chronic eye problems that eventually led to blindness; he had ulcers; and he Capturing Beijing on April 24, 1644, the last Ming Emperor hung himself in the imperial garden and Zicheng proclaimed himself the Shun Emperor. He moved rapidly along the Grand Canal of China and captured the city of Luoyang within the year. "[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. This seemingly large figure was merely a shadow of the population during the preceding Han dynasty, under which 10,677,960 households included at least 56,486,856 individuals a decline of more than 40,000,000 over the hundred year conflict. Zhang Shi was not able to even write one character in response to Emperor Xuanzong's reexamination. The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also An Lushan Rebellion. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. The An Shi Rebellion forced the Tang dynasty to become overdependent on the goodwill of provincial governors and military commanders. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. Wars of Alexander the Great. The latter would go on to rain down hell and terror on the Soviet Union for close to three decades. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. The An Lushan rebellion was one of them. So, the population before the revolution was Massive, and the population after the war was much lower. In an effort to quickly establish peace after the Rebellion, the Tang dynasty pardoned many rebels, and put some of them in command of their own garrisons, eroding the authority of the central government. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. With the army on the verge of mutiny, the Emperor had no choice but to agree, ordering the execution of Yang Guozhong and the suicide of Lady Yang. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. He bowed, but Emperor Xuanzong, believing him to be honest, favored him even more. Marching on the city of Cholula, the second largest in Mesoamerica and the center of the Aztec religion, Corts was welcomed as a guest. Last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero ( c. 1867 ) counterattack, Charlton! 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