Allegiance. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. [1], Elliott died in London on 13 April 1994, aged 77.[1]. 
During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. 
Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. James Angleton and Kim Philby were friends for six years, or so Angleton thought. Facing exposure by MI6 and almost certainly the death penalty, Kim Philby had fled to Moscow - from where he wrote to his wife pleading for her to join him. There is evidence that Philbys son Kim, the British MI5 agent who would eventually be unmasked as a spy for the Soviet Union, knew of the marriage and the children that followed. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. The younger Philby was known as Kim, after the hero of Rudyard Kipling's novel of that name, a young boy who serves his country as a spy. WebFind out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. He was a very dignified figure. His MI6 career was notable for his involvement with the Lionel Crabb affair in the 1950s and the flight of double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. In England in 1963, Nicholas Elliott works for MI6 but is left in turmoil when he learns his close friend and colleague Kim Philby had been secretly working as a double agent for the KGB and has defected to the Soviet Union. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. As a result of this accident, Philby, who was well-liked by the Nationalist forces whose victories he trumpeted, was awarded the Red Cross of Military Merit by Franco on 2 March 1938. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. Their first three children, Josephine, John, and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. Philby lives in Bristol with her husband and three children. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. The witnesses were Toms Harris and Flora Solomon. Charlotte Philby, daughter of John Philby, H.A.R. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. He was a man of considerable cultural background. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. He volunteered to confront Philby to obtain a written confession of his espionage. Some sources give her family name as Al Abdul Aziz, suggesting she was a close relative or even a daughter of Ibn Saud and much younger than Philby, possibly in her teens. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 5 April 2023, at 12:15. Part of the Family and A Double Life are available now. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. Michael Engelbach and Reem Philby meet at the Royal Geographical Society at the launch of the Heart of Arabia expedition. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. And he took an interest in what we were doing as grandchildren. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. Straight away I felt that there were people here who were close to me. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. It was a miracle. Charlotte Philby's grandfather was the double agent Kim Philby. United Kingdom. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. The offer was politely declined, for his grandfather was no stranger to discomfort. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. And here she was plunked down in my midst! [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. Elizabeth Holberton. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. WebBefore he was exposed, Philby was the mentor of James Jesus Angleton, one of the central figures in the early years of the CIA who became the long-serving chief of the counter-intelligence staff of the Agency. Charlotte Philby, daughter of John Philby, H.A.R. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. The younger Philby was known as Kim, after the hero of Rudyard Kipling's novel of that name, a young boy who serves his country as a spy. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. I gather they're a very close family, and I think they're delighted to have an extended English family as well. 
[3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. There was nothing more [he] could do. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. WebKim Philby divorced Litzi Friedmann on 17th September 1946. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. 
[45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. WebSpouse. Aileen died of influenza in December 1957. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. Whether Philbys English wife there was no divorce was aware, may never be known. [2], Elliott was Honorary attach at the British Embassy in The Hague from 1938 to 1940. Espionage activity. Then they were enemies for the rest of their lives. He Was Born in India. Kim Philbys oldest son, has penned an extensive account of her memories of her grandfather. He The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. His father, serving in the Royal Air Force, died in an air accident in February 1955, when Englebach was just six. You could see in the way he asked questions that he wanted to know what you were up to.. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. He married Aileen Furse a week later. 
[11][pageneeded]. United Kingdom. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. [56] Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent. All of which would have meant very little to a child. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. His career in secret intelligence came by chance, like many before and after him. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] 
149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1148315142, British intelligence personnel who defected to the Soviet Union, People educated at Westminster School, London, People stripped of a British Commonwealth honour, World War II spies for the United Kingdom, People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Elliott&oldid=1147644446, Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 April 2023, at 07:50. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. 
He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. In Gabriela and Isobel, Philby develops two fascinating characters who have to face challenges that women the world over will recognise, but rarely get to read about on the page. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. Elliott claimed to have been told the operation had been cleared by the Foreign Office. Elliott arranged for Crabb, an experienced ex-naval frogman, to investigate. It was a very warm meeting when we met. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. In the process, he became a close friend and adviser to the Ruler of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Saud, spending much of his life there, initially as a British military officer, and eventually becoming a Muslim. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. In November 1964, after a visit to the United States, she returned, intending to settle permanently. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at the Oval, the famous London test match ground. WebHarold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. A Spy Among Friends tells the tale the friendship between British spies Kim Philby and Nicholas Elliott. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. 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