Shafer, Robert S. White Persons Held to Racial Slavery in Antebellum Arkansas. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 44 (Summer 1985): 134155. In 1868, the Arkansas Constitution was amended to grant African-Americans the right to vote. in Library Science. Particularly in the case of these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder. term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be Mastering Farm and Family: David Walker as Slaveholder. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 58 (Spring 1999): 6179. Collects "books and articles that document the individual and collective story of African Americans struggling for freedom and human rights in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. 
A religious life also developed within the slave community, especially variations on Protestant Christianity. An ancestor not shown to hold slaves on the 1860 slave census could have held slaves on an earlier census, so those films can be checked also. Efforts at reuniting family members who had been separated by owners and at legalizing marriages at the end of the Civil War demonstrate the importance of family to those held in bondage. 
The house was restored between 2003 and 2008 and is now a part of Arkansas State University as a Heritage site museum. She resides in Western Arkansas' Mountain Frontier but calls NWA home as well. The largest slaveholder in the United States, Joshua John Ward, was born in Georgetown County, South Carolina, and is affectionately known as the king of the rice planters. Brookgreen Plantation was the largest slaveholder in South Carolina, and it served as the states capital. Some of the more notable plantations are: The Plantation House, The Columns, and The Grand Manor. listed. census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. In the end, only the use of force made possible this critical labor system through the antebellum years. 100 Rock Street An overseer was a member of the family who worked for the plantations owner. Step Into History At These 8 Arkansas Estates And Plantations 1. How To Add Oil To Your Murray Lawn Mower For Optimal Performance, The Benefits Of Using Liquid Fertilizer After Mowing Your Lawn, Troubleshooting Your Riding Lawn Mower: Identifying And Resolving Common Issues, How To Determine The Correct Amount Of Oil To Fill Your Toro Lawn Mower After A Change, How To Troubleshoot And Repair Your Cub Cadet Riding Lawn Mower, How To Minimize The Risk Of Blowback When Using A Riding Lawn Mower. Enslaved peoples were held involuntarily as property by slave owners who controlled their labor and freedom. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching. There was one mall in Arkansas, the only one in the state, located in Mountain Home, AR 72653. The Sugar Industry was frequently mechanized, and that resulted in a significant amount of debt incurred by sugar planters. The Association provided food, clothing, and medical care to the freed slaves. Slavery was used to fuel the plantation economy. They would cultivate crops and work in the plantations factories. This transcription includes 25 slaveholders who held 50 or more slaves in Lankford, George E. Austins Secret: An Arkansas Slave at the Supreme Court. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 74 (Spring 2015): 5673. At this point, usually in July, crops generally did not require intensive cultivation, and field work ended. As of 1800, maps showed 68 plantations outside the villages of Cruz and Coral Bay. 
Lakeport is now the last remaining Arkansas plantation home on the Mississippi River. A relatively large slave holding would have been ten people, a work force valued at about $9,000 on the average in 1859, an amount equal to approximately $200,000 in 2002. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Slavery and the Creation of Arkansas Territory: A Reconsideration. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 78 (Autumn 2019): 231247. Despite the harsh conditions they faced, slaves were frequently able to express their creativity and culture through their creativity and efforts. SOURCES. Lakeport Plantation is a former antebellum plantation house in Lake Village, Arkansas. Slaves had to be controlled, and laws attempted to achieve that goal and provided for punishment of those who broke these laws. 
inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the More than half of these slaves were shipped to the Caribbean and South America. African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Arkansas County, Arkansas in 1860, if they have an idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. The mansion is open for tours as well as the gardens surrounding this grand piece of preserved history. The group not only created art, music, and dance, but it also created a unique social life based on close relationships. Arkansas is also a leading producer of poultry and livestock. The vast majority of slaves worked as field hands, usually from sunrise to sunset every day of the week except Sunday. Major Allen began a 15-year major league career in September 1963 after being called up from the minors by the Philadelphia Phillies. WebUsing plantation names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. In cases where a master allowed slaves to carry arms and hunt, they added wild game and fish to their diet. 17,000 (6,400%). Built in 1866 by Dr. Samuel Jordon Jones, the plantation is one of the few to drift from the typical Greek Revival architecture and instead implements the Lousiana Cottage style. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Arkansas County, Arkansas, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Whatever job the enslaved performed, the owner usually attempted to extract as much labor from them as possible. This was due to the fact that Arkansas had a large number of slaves who were unhappy with their conditions and were willing to fight for their freedom. Free shipping. Covering 1850-1880. As a result of the Atlantic slave trade, the United States gained significant economic advantages. Lack, Paul D. An Urban Slave Community: Little Rock, 18311862. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 41 (Autumn 1982): 258287. The Civil War and the End of Slavery Through that decade, convinced that a rising Republican Party in the North threatened the future of the institution, leading Arkansas politicians joined others from the South in demanding protection of slavery and threatening a disruption of the Union if the institutions future was not guaranteed. In the restored museum, visitors learn about the regions transition from slavery to tenant farming. Many plantations were simply abandoned as the owners were in financial difficulty. Little Rock: Butler Center Books, 2018. Unpublished, or "manuscript", census schedules are the record of individuals and households recorded by the census taker. ", The collection of ex-slave narratives in Little Rock by the Federal Writer's [sic] Project (MC 1163), Bearing Witness: memories of Arkansas slavery narratives from the 1930s WPA collections, Women and Slavery in America: A Documentary History, Census Schedules - "Manuscript" Population Census for Arkansas, Census Schedules - "Manuscript" Agricultural Census for Arkansas, https://uark.libguides.com/historyarkansas, MC 1160: Trulock Family Papers, Correspondence, 1837-1869, Plantation Records (Louisiana State University Department of Archives), Records of Ante-bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War, DocumentingtheAmericanSouth:NorthAmericanSlaveNarratives, Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive. The Plantation Agriculture Museum is focused on the work associated with growing cotton as well as making gin. WebKillearn Plantation Archeological and Historic District: Tallahassee: Leon: 70000182 Kingsley Plantation: Jacksonville: Duval: Kinhega Lodge: Tallahassee vicinity Leon: 73000582 Lyndhurst Plantation: Monticello: Jefferson: 04000142 Mala Compra Plantation Archeological Site: Palm Coast: Flagler: New Switzerland Plantation: Switzerland: St Johns The plantation owner would decide how many slaves he wanted to keep. The Oklahoma Plantations and Slave Names list available on Sankofagen Wiki, founded by Karmella Haynes, includes ancestors of Native Americans. At night, they would retire to their homes, where they would often entertain guests or host parties. These plantation owners exerted a great deal of political and economic power in the state and their slaves were essential to their success. Also known as the William Cannon Houston House. Mowing The Lawn While Pregnant: Is It Safe And What Precautions Should You Take? Even the Confederate governments appropriation of enslaved laborers changed the character of the institution behind Confederate. Like cattle, horses, or other types of possessions, slaves formed part of the owners estate. of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. Between 1860 and 1870, the Arkansas colored population increased by 11,000, to 122,000, FORMER SLAVES. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. Dr. Samuel Kountz conducted the first kidney transplant between a recipient and a donor who did not have identical twins. Lee Countys proximity to Memphis, Tennessee, a hotbed of Ku Klux Klan activity, and scattered reports suggest that the Klan influenced the areas politics and economy. Many masters encouraged religion among their slaves, sometimes for benevolent reasons but at times because they believed it would make their property more docile. The majority of the farms Jackson encountered had been family-owned slave plantations that were purchased by the Texas Department of Correction before he arrived. In 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed John Gibbs registrar of the Little Rock district land office. Napoleon Hill, Arkansas 72501, USA 7. WebIn Arkansas in 1860 there were 69 farms of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 307 farms of 500-999 acres. Plantation owners lived in enormous and luxurious homes, displaying their wealth. WebOld South Frontier: Cotton Plantations and Formation of Arkansas Society HB W2B. The Lawrence County estate, # x27, is located in rural Georgia. When the country transitioned from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, the plantation system changed. [8]:8. Piggott, Arkansas 72653 is the location of a number of Arkansas plantations, including Milledgeville. For more information, contact 501-918-3025 orcalsfoundation@cals.org. Records of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi plantations from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. AAHGS Arkansas Chapter Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society (AAHGS) P.O. The students, known as the Little Rock Nine, were met with resistance from the Arkansas National Guard, and they were not able to enter the school. Invariably, the earliest white settlers who moved into Arkansas brought slave property with them to work the areas rich lands, and slavery became an integral part of local life. After experiencing the grandeur of Marlsgate, take a tour of the Scott Plantation Settlement for a unique chance to experience the other side of plantation life. Gigantino, James J. II, ed. It is entirely reasonable to assume they had plenty of time for leisurely activities such as hunting, but they also worked hard at it. After the Civil War, many African-Americans left Arkansas to escape the violence and poverty that was common in the state. $32.50. According to the 1860 Arkansas census, there were 69 farms of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category, as well as 307 farms of 500999 acres or more. on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as Slaverys Origins in Arkansas Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. According to historian Orville Taylor, approximately one in four white Arkansans owned slaves or lived in slave-owning families. Creating an account gives you access to all these features. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Arkansas County, Arkansas (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll When Is The Best Time To Start Mowing Your Lawn In Sioux Falls South Dakota? Most plantation owners were actively involved in the business operations. However, it is generally agreed that the plantation owners who held the most slaves in Arkansas were the wealthy elites who operated large-scale agriculture operations in the Arkansas Delta region. Florence Beatrice Price, a black female composer, was the first African-American woman to have a symphonic composition performed by a major American orchestra. It links the agricultural prosperity of the South with the domination by wealthy aristocrats and the exploitation of slave labor. The majority of plantations were owned by absentee land owners who did not have a primary residence. . Slave labor was a major component of the plantation economy. 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