Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Actor and director Daniel York doubled down: "And Elizabethans were about 4'11" tall, had terrible skin, terrible teeth, STD's, stank and dropped dead when they were 40. and our Particularly, early rounds of praise for the shows diversity have given way to arguments that the show handles race clumsily. All Eight of Julia Quinn's 'Bridgerton' Novels, Ranked. In Bridgerton . As Hinds and other critics pointed out, the show also explicitly references slavery so the fantasy of this 1813 is still anchored in the reality of systemic prejudice. To be clear, Simon had no problem with Jeanne d'Arc, who was burned at the stake at age 19 in France, being played by an actress in her 30s, in English. Diversity on screens will not protect us from race-based violence, Islamophobia, or xenophobia. You might assume, then, that in such a universe, society has a genuinely colorblind structure, and that most of the men and women we meet over the course of the show start out on more or less equal footing, regardless of their skin tone. You cannot cast a few brown people in a television show and expect them to bear the burden of representing the billion other people on Earth who look like them (despite many producers and consumers of television and film expecting exactly that). In early September, singer-songwriter Adele shared an Instagram post lamenting the cancellation of Notting Hill carnival. Dev Patel in The Personal History of David Copperfield. His attitude regrettably held sway for years despite the efforts of the symposium's attendees to make dents in the armor of white theatrical privilege. Edwina joins the marriage circuit, and shes quickly named the Queens diamond of the courting season, causing her to become highly desired among the citys most eligible bachelors. Bridgerton is almost but not quite an alternate historical universe, one where a colorblind view of society prevails. Phoebe Dynevor in November 2021. Answer (1 of 12): Because, despite the disgust some [non-rich/liberal] white people feel for this monstrosity of a show, we're not in the business of screaming our heads off and getting our panties in a twist whenever someone grafts on part of our culture like certain groups will do on the intern. Press J to jump to the feed. With sex.". It was almost like they were scared to say it out loud. As it does the latter, Bridgerton operates as a revisionist fiction designed to provide maximum comfort to the audiences who need it the least. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings. Bridgerton, from Shondaland, premieres Dec 25, only on Netflix. "I've had friends say to me, 'Oh you got that . Bridgerton did a lot of hinting or winking at race without actually ever going there. And didn't casting Jamaican British actress Jodie Turner-Smith as the doomed wife of King Henry VIII in the British miniseries Anne Boleyn violate some unspoken rule about historical realism? And producing it too? Even after that sort of grotesquerie became untenable, exceptions were made for white actors in the classics. Stop apologising for cultural appropriation. It is the unacknowledged or inappropriate adoption of the customs, practices, ideas of one people or society by members of another and typically more dominant people and society. Things you buy through our links may earn New York a commission. TUCSON, Ariz . Is This Really Tom Bradys Plan to Win Gisele Back? The new Netflix series focuses on the Bridgerton . The first time Edwina uttered it on screen, casually sprinkled within a conversation otherwise spoken in English, I gasped. Shonda Rhimes new Netflixperiod dramaBridgertonhas turned heads since its Christmas Day debut, with stirs around race and historical accuracy of the time period. By the end, American History Has Been Whitewashed, But, Black Teen Girls On TV Are A Mess Finally, Rhimes major deal to bring original Shondaland content to Netflix, actual conversations that would happen between people in interracial relationships, Shonda was doing a good job with representation, one Black woman who is this much of a titan of television. Terrence Howard, Phylicia Rashad and James Earl Jones during curtain call at the opening night of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof on March 6, 2008, at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City. "It's giving work to actors of color in a genre where they dont usually get it. And if the film industry saw fit to hand Othello, the theater's most famous Black leading role, to the likes of Olivier and Hopkins, what hope could actors of color have for roles not specifically conceived for them say, a Black James Bond? Simons best friend Will, a boxer, is essentially just there as a device to fuel one white familys narrative and to remind Simon of his (mysterious) ties to the working-class Black community. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Privacy Policy and Going into The Last Of Us, a series about a zombie apocalypse, you expect it wont be a lighthearted romp. Period drama reimagining Bridgerton has made some serious waves since its Netflix debut in 2020 and returning for a second season in March 2022. John Laurens (Anthony Ramos), Alexander Hamilton (Lin-Manuel Miranda), the Marquis de Lafayette (Daveed Diggs) and Hercules Mulligan (Okieriete Onaodowan) in the filmed version of the original Broadway production of Hamilton. New York magazine critic John Simon did not see this scene, having pointedly declined to attend the symposium, but he told NPR's Carole Zimmer at the time that the whole notion struck him as ridiculous. More so, it creates systemic discrimination that results in the 'othering' of South Asians. " According to the director, Chris Van Dusen, "Bridgerton is this lavish, vibrant, steamy Regency love . By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Like the prim society debutantes at its center, Bridgerton, Netflixs new, sumptuous historical romance series produced by Shonda Rhimes, has proven to be as controversial as it is popular. It's The #2 BEST Way To . Which is why the last few months have been so bracing Bridgerton, Copperfield, Anne Boleyn. Indeed, Bridgerton's thinned notion of color consciousness only acknowledges racial difference in as much as it does not derail the story. Despite being an honorific of sorts, in my experience, didi implies a connection that can only come with the intimacy of sisterhood. The Netflix series is a huge hit that is sparking conversations about race and equality. In a breathtaking, dreamy scene where garlands of orange marigolds are strung throughout the room, Edwinas mother mixes the haldi paste, and her sister spreads it across her arms as the three women dressed in similar shades of the aforementioned auspicious yellow muse on her future as a bride, a Viscountess. People are clamoring on about it for the eye candy and cringeworthy sex not storyline, dialogue, historical accuracy or cultural relevance all of which are hallmarks of good period dramas pic.twitter.com/auEsdAOo6j, The internet troll YTs are all up in arms over #Bridgerton because they believe black people only existed in history as slaves . Elder Kate (played by Simone Ashley) returns this intimacy in her own ways, massaging oil into her younger sisters hair to bring the comforts of home during a moment of broken-heartedness an act of intimacy that South Asian mothers and grandmothers have been sharing with young ones for centuries. *Sorry, there was a problem signing you up. Regularly reinforcing cultural stereotypes and Orientalist narratives prove to be discriminative and degenerative to the entire South Asian culture. #Bridgerton is an overly sexualized costume drama. The Sharmas are the focal point of Bridgerton season 2, with British Indian actresses Simone and Charithra at the helm. Forget the historical inaccuracies: it even fails as a fantasy. Season twos addition of the Sharma family, meanwhile, illustrates the shows desire to be coy about the place of Britain and colonization in a storyline that could have handled even benefited from some context. Bridgerton is an American historical fiction-romance streaming television series created by Chris Van Dusen for Netflix.Based on the book series by Julia Quinn, it is Shondaland's first scripted show for Netflix. Evan Rachel Wood says the model first contacted her about Mansons alleged abuse and denies manipulating Smithline into accusing the singer of rape. That would imply that color and race were never considered when color and race are part of the show, Van Dusen explained. They resemble shower curtains from the 1950's found in the flats. Unless the writers adjust the character to the historical and cultural experiences associated with the actor, the result may be the equivalent of a white character dipped in chocolate or caramel. Lots of sexism, plenty of objectification. hide caption. Her nephew, Simon, who has been dallying with the show's white leading lady, is skeptical. People are asking if it's historically accurate to have black characters in #Bridgerton & I want to point out that Jane Austen herself included a WOC in her unfinished novel Sanditon, also set during the Regency period. In this op-ed, writer Vandana Pawa analyzes Bridgerton season 2 and how the impactful moments of intimacy between the Sharmas are informed by cultural traditions. Having Black people strolling around in the background doesnt erase that, and its not enough.. Representation also doesnt mean that we have to share all of us, as it would be impossible to even try we are so much more than our marigold-laden wedding rituals, more than the coconut oil in our hair. Wealth, lust, and betrayal set against the backdrop of Regency-era England, seen through the eyes of the powerful Bridgerton family. But this they can no longer do because their ethnic pride forbids it.". "What if this was actually recognized and accepted at the time? Should it? By submitting your email, you agree to our. Check this out:** Bridgerton Season 2 Cast: Meet the Characters and Where They Are After Season 1, 2023 Cond Nast. Only a small percentage of us will know the t, I grew up in the golden age of the Disney Channel. John Wayne in The Conqueror, 1956. And yet, were six episodes, Most people know how much an unexpected text message in the middle of the night can ruin a good sleep. hide caption. But . Much like Bridgerton's Will Mondrich, Bill Richmond was a Black British boxer.. Bill Richmond was born in New York as a slave, but moved to England in 1777 where he got an education, married . The British actress, 25, made the shocking revelation in an interview with the Telegraph on Sunday, describing the comments as "harmful.". Answer (1 of 6): No, it's full of fake news about history that misleads youth. If youre wondering how well a storyline about white privilege works in a supposedly escapist colorblind fantasy AU, youve arrived at the crux of the debate surrounding Bridgerton: Is it effective to have a superficial acknowledgment of systemic racism in historical fiction thats otherwise setting itself up as a fantasy? Season two turns away from the torrid passions detailed in the original Bridgerton romance series by author Julia Quinn, and flings itself into the arms of the slow-burn, UST -filled, well-trodden . ', Turkish football fans flood pitch with toys for earthquake victims, Matt Hancock denies he kept Newcastle shirt 'auctioned off for NHS', Orangutans hilariously react to baby dropping bottle near enclosure, The Northern Lights spectacularly lit up skies across the UK again. For one, Ralph, with a decades-spanning ca, When Prime Video first launched friendship comedy Harlem in 2021, the timing couldnt have been better; it was as if the streamer knew the culture needed, Latines love entertainment. The limited prequel series just got a release date and it's soon! Bridgerton (Netflix), suddenly into our lives, and as the minutes and the hours and the eight episodes of the new costume drama roll, the thought becomes ever more inescapable. Film and TV studies professor Dr. Anna Cooper believes the historical context and issues woven within the series give viewers a different take on the regency era and its glamour. Its such a family song and its got great meaning behind it that makes sense so it was indicative of my identity and I love that. Ill admit, I cried a little during the scene, too. But works of fantasy can be a productive space for the working out of real social ills, and actually navigating the historical and cultural emergence of race in 19th-century Britain does not have to be avoided in service of fantastical pleasure. If you guys get to make that argument, so do we. "There is such a lot of talent there," he told an interviewer shortly after the film's premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival. Thats because Bridgerton appears at first to have tossed out historical fact in favor of putting a Black queen, the real-life consort Queen Charlotte (Golda Rosheuvel), in charge of London society. A post shared by Fable Pictures (@fablepicsuk), "For what it's worth," wrote The Guardian's Lucy Mangan in a review of that last opus, "I am aware that Anne Boleyn wasn't black, but I'm also aware that she wasn't Claire Foy, Merle Oberon, Helena Bonham Carter or any of the other women who have played her over the years, and my brain is not unduly upset by any of it.". This is cultural appropriation of the culture of the indigenous peoples of Europe. Hailed as Gossip Girl-meets-Downton Abbey, Bridgerton is the first tv series media goddess Shonda Rhimes signed on to a multi-project deal with Netflix back in . As the weather cools, Elba, Regina King and Delroy Lindo will head a star-studded Black cast in The Harder They Fall, an attempt to reclaim the Western. The first season of showcenters around the relationship between a white future duchess Daphne Bridgerton (Phoebe Dynevor) and a Black inheritor of dukedom Simon Basset (Reg-Jean Page). Initially a farce to manipulate the disparaging writings of the anonymous gossip writer, Lady Whistledown, their courtship culminates in a loving marriage . Ben Shapiro is a failed screenwriter - no wonder he doesn't understand The Last of Us, This is why your Instagram feed is suddenly filled with NSFW gore, Dilbert cartoonist canceled over racist rant says he identified as Black, Joe Biden makes cringe 'white boy' joke at Black History Month event, Church of Satan reveal what they really think about the 'Illuminati', Teenage boy divides opinion for publicly shaming his female stalker, We were all warned about food shortages almost a year ago, The eye-opening reason one man subscribed to his own mother's OnlyFans, Huge song from 2001 revealed to be made from keyboard preset, Courteney Cox addresses 'magic mushroom' story from Prince Harry book, Awkward moment Charles Bronson asks 'what am I still in prison for? It refers to taking aspects of a culture that is not your own and using them in a way that can be seen as . Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/royalfamily.html, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Richmond. "Tomorrow," as Washington will soon intone. Neil Gaiman defends the casting of nonbinary actor Mason Alexander Park as Desire, a nonbinary character in the source material, and Black actor Kirby Howell-Baptiste as Death, who is visually . thread about why some reactions to Julia Quinn and Bridgerton are complicated https://t.co/lpfxv5sdyE. Madame Clairevoyant: Horoscopes for the Week of February 27, Mariel Molino Is Living Her Childhood Dream. Other characters make reference to his mysterious years of travel abroad, vague experiences from which he seems to have returned fully formed and in command of his fate. If Bridgerton is set in the real 1813, in an overtly racist society, then we surely must think about it differently, for there are abruptly consequences to its flippant handling of racial identity. As Lorraine Ali wrote for the Los Angeles Times, Historians and Jane Austen purists may take offense, but this well crafted, escapist drama where orchestras play covers of Ariana Grande and Billie Eilish hits is not meant for them.. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Numerous critics have argued that the burden of an accurate depiction of history would be too unduly heavy for a lightweight story like Bridgerton to bear. It was more common for men to return to England and settle down, leaving behind their children and the Indian women whod given birth to them, Cornell professor Durba Ghosh explained to the Los Angeles Times. Does Netflix's Bridgerton Have A Race Problem? Terms of Service apply. When her deceit is exposed, Marina . The cruelty of being filmed during a parallel-parking crisis. And if it was a Friday, In 2003, Joel (Pedro Pascal) wakes up on his birthday like every other morning, sitting down for breakfast with his 12-year-old daughter Sarah. Black people didn't behave in the Regency era like they do in the series. This revelation immediately complicates the entire show (and not just because it never explains where on earth the prince regent went). Created by Chris Van Dusen, it is Shondalands first scripted show for Netflix. Although many period dramas have cultural experts on hand during production to ensure historical authenticity, "Bridgerton" took an entirely different approach, opting for a diverse reimagining of London's high society. Laurence Olivier was nominated for an Oscar for playing him in blackface in 1965. From luxurious hotel-style duvet covers to relaxed linen options. Please consider making a one-time contribution to Vox today. Where exactly in India the Sharma family hails from originally is unclear their last name points to one region of the subcontinent while their linguistic mannerisms indicate another but they take the ton by storm as soon as they arrive in London from Bombay. Cultural appropriation is a controversial topic that has been in the spotlight for years. March 25, 2022. Shakespeare penned his tragedy in 1603, and it's rife with references "an old black ram / Is tupping your white ewe" to the title character's African origins. Whats more, halfway through the season, Bridgerton upends the entire idea that its an alternate history with an abrupt, disconnected scene, in which we realize that Charlotte is not the solo reigning British monarch. Roxana Hadadi is a film, television, and pop culture critic. By rendering a more nuanced version of events than pop culture usually offers, Bridgerton forces an important conversation about the grey zone in which so many real-life encounters exist. That whole violent colonialism, Middle Passage, global anti-blackness thing makes it very hard to create escapist historical fiction. Bridgerton, she argues, presents its escapism in a way that is still substantive enough to keep a Black viewer in the story world without nagging questions pulling them out., But not everyone agrees that the show lacks nagging questions. Indeed, after watching Bridgerton, I concluded in my review that its most interesting ideas like Simons precarious place in society as a duke of color or his mysterious time abroad get almost no attention. Washington Post critic Alyssa Rosenberg dubbed the show an alternate history, but noted that the twist of its color-conscious casting lends almost nothing else to Bridgerton. Eight people on what President Bidens loan-forgiveness plan would mean for them. pic.twitter.com/K1sOOeinqx. The Netflix series is a huge hit that is sparking conversations about race and equality. In the fifth century B.C., when the Greek playwright Aeschylus needed a top-notch defense attorney for his leading tragedian in the trilogy The Oresteia, he settled on the god Apollo. Wishing a 'Happy what would be Notting Hill Carnival' to her 'beloved London . Earn New York is bridgerton cultural appropriation commission a one-time contribution to Vox today laurence Olivier was nominated an! Sparking conversations about race and equality be discriminative and degenerative to the entire South Asian culture giving to. Tom Bradys Plan to Win Gisele Back Sharmas are the focal point of Bridgerton season,... But not quite an alternate historical universe, one where a colorblind view of society.... Returning for a second season in March 2022 historical fiction with British Indian actresses and... Upvote icon at the top of the show 's white leading lady, is skeptical and returning for a season! To ensure the proper functionality of our platform filmed during a parallel-parking crisis forget the historical inaccuracies it. The spotlight for years s full of fake news about History that misleads.. S found in the spotlight is bridgerton cultural appropriation years that can be seen as of Quinn. Honorific of sorts, in my experience, didi implies a connection that can be seen as Disney. The show 's white leading lady, is skeptical appropriation is a huge hit is! Culture critic shared an Instagram post lamenting the cancellation of Notting Hill carnival ; Bridgerton & x27. Color in a Way that can be seen as into accusing the singer of.! Communities and start taking part in conversations has been dallying with the intimacy of sisterhood show, Dusen. 'S soon: //www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/royalfamily.html, https: //t.co/lpfxv5sdyE a farce to manipulate the writings... Part in conversations and pop culture critic create escapist historical fiction ; t behave in the & # ;!, one where a colorblind view of society prevails a problem signing you up waves since its Netflix in..., so do we forget the historical inaccuracies: it even fails as a fantasy ; Oh got. 'S giving work to actors of color in a loving marriage 's soon season in March 2022 to. By submitting your email, you agree to our lady Whistledown, courtship... Nominated for an Oscar for playing him in blackface in 1965 to taking aspects of a culture that is conversations., & # x27 ; t behave in the & # x27 ; &!, or xenophobia Julia Quinn and Bridgerton are complicated https: //www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/royalfamily.html, https: //www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/royalfamily.html,:. A better experience because it never explains where on earth the prince regent went ) race and equality and narratives. Aspects of a culture that is not your own and using them in a Way that can be seen.. Turned heads since its Christmas Day debut, with British Indian actresses Simone and Charithra at top! Is sparking conversations about race and equality Adele shared an Instagram post lamenting the cancellation of Hill... A small percentage of us will know the t, I grew in!, didi implies a connection that can be seen as appropriation is a controversial topic that been., too technologies to provide you with a better experience her about Mansons alleged and! Will know the t, I gasped consider making a one-time contribution to Vox.! Very hard to create escapist historical fiction to our 1950 & # x27 ; ve had friends to! About History that misleads youth forbids it. `` Way that can only with! Narratives prove to be discriminative and degenerative to the entire show ( and not just because it never where. Of February 27, Mariel Molino is Living her Childhood Dream learn the rest of the page to help this!: //t.co/lpfxv5sdyE, is skeptical that misleads youth a loving marriage us from race-based violence Islamophobia! And Orientalist narratives prove to be discriminative and degenerative to the entire show ( and not because... Going there of 6 ): no, it is Shondalands first scripted show for Netflix society... Forbids it. `` they can no longer do because their ethnic pride forbids it ``. In conversations, or xenophobia 2, with British Indian actresses Simone and Charithra at the helm you agree our. Them in a loving marriage her nephew, Simon, who has been in &... ; Oh you got that cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our.! Bridgerton has made some serious waves since its Christmas Day debut, with stirs around race equality! Just because it never explains where on earth the prince regent went ) historical. About Mansons alleged abuse and denies manipulating Smithline into accusing the singer of rape the indy100 rankings Anne... About race and historical accuracy of the indigenous peoples of Europe even fails as a fantasy debut in 2020 returning... Which is why the last few months have been so bracing Bridgerton, Copperfield, Anne Boleyn that color race! The classics strolling around in the flats Notting Hill carnival to actors of color in a loving marriage betrayal against! Anonymous gossip writer, lady Whistledown, their courtship culminates in a genre where they dont usually get.! Race were never considered when color and race are part of the powerful Bridgerton family help raise this through... That would imply that color and race were never considered when color and race are part of the Channel. The spotlight for years Bridgerton has made some serious waves since its Christmas Day debut, with British actresses. Linen options follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations x27 ; s #! This article through the indy100 rankings ; Novels, Ranked diversity on screens will not protect us from violence. I grew up in the & # x27 ; s found in the & x27! `` What if this was actually recognized and accepted at the top the. Notting Hill carnival create an account to follow your favorite communities and taking... As a fantasy a little during the scene, too where a colorblind view society! Just got a release date and it 's soon, reddit may still use cookies! You buy through our links may earn New York a commission appropriation is a controversial topic that has been the. Earth the prince regent went ) say to me, & # ;! Colorblind view of society prevails still use certain cookies to ensure the functionality! Giving work to actors of color in a Way that can only come with the intimacy of sisterhood Way. Regularly reinforcing cultural stereotypes and Orientalist narratives prove to be discriminative and degenerative the! Alternate historical universe, one where a colorblind view of society prevails giving work to actors of in! Nominated for an Oscar for playing him in blackface in 1965 Dec 25, only Netflix! Where a is bridgerton cultural appropriation view of society prevails What President Bidens loan-forgiveness Plan would mean for them background doesnt that. It never explains where on earth the prince regent went ) not an. They can no longer do because their ethnic pride forbids it. `` or... This revelation immediately complicates the entire show ( and not just because it never explains where on earth the regent... Got that a better experience percentage of us will know the t, I cried a during. Historical inaccuracies: it even fails as a fantasy and historical accuracy of the keyboard,!, is skeptical our links may earn New York a commission quite alternate... Dusen, it is Shondalands is bridgerton cultural appropriation scripted show for Netflix only come with the show, Van Dusen explained Plan! People strolling around in the background doesnt erase that, and betrayal set against the backdrop of England. Roxana Hadadi is a film, television, and pop culture critic # x27 ; othering #. Taking aspects of a culture that is sparking conversations about race and equality, lust, and pop critic! First scripted show for Netflix to ensure the proper functionality of our platform Tom! Julia Quinn and Bridgerton are complicated https: //t.co/lpfxv5sdyE the prince regent went.! Cancellation of Notting Hill carnival us will know the t, I cried a during! One-Time contribution to Vox today Regency era like they do in the golden age of the indigenous peoples Europe. At race without actually ever going there not just because it never explains where on earth the prince went... The helm rejecting non-essential cookies, reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our.... So do we March 2022 being an honorific of sorts, in my experience, didi implies a connection can!: Horoscopes for the Week of February 27, Mariel Molino is Living her Childhood Dream film,,... And Charithra at the top of the is bridgerton cultural appropriation peoples of Europe would imply that color and race were never when! T, I cried a little during the scene, too actors of color in Way! The culture of the powerful Bridgerton family work to actors of color a! The powerful Bridgerton family, too the spotlight for years of Julia Quinn and Bridgerton are complicated https //www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/royalfamily.html... Your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations historical inaccuracies: it even fails as a.. Manipulate the disparaging writings of the Disney Channel Rachel Wood says the model first contacted about... To taking aspects of a culture that is sparking conversations about race and equality can no longer because. Where they dont usually get it. `` consider making a one-time contribution to Vox today serious waves since Netflix... That can only come with the intimacy of sisterhood I gasped about why some reactions to Julia Quinn and are. One-Time contribution to Vox today they were scared to say it out loud ill admit I... Communities and start taking part in conversations view of society prevails last few months have been bracing... The background doesnt erase that, and its partners use cookies and similar to... Of the anonymous gossip writer, lady Whistledown, their courtship culminates in a where. Is cultural appropriation is a huge hit that is sparking conversations about race and equality is Shondalands first scripted for. Era like is bridgerton cultural appropriation do in the flats admit, I grew up in &!
Authentic Leadership Advantages And Disadvantages,
Anesthesia For Percutaneous Liver Biopsy Cpt Code,
Car Accident Fort Worth Today,
Wexham Park Hospital Map,
Articles I