There are more than 160 different types of tennis surfaces. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. : an American History (Eric Foner), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), 4-3 Assignment Project Management Strategies. When the temperature of a tennis ball changes, it becomes more elastic and has an intriguing reaction with its gas-filled core. STEP4 - Watch as the smaller ball flies off into the air! However, it was the basketball We, chose balls and surfaces with different hardnesses, textures and compositions in, order to give a fair experiment. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. Drop each ball from a distance of 1 meter onto the surface and record how high it bounces in meters (Example: .46 meters). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. For instance, you can use old balls for the second round of the experiment compared to new balls. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. Try comparing a hot day to a cold day. (2020, November 20). Then make a series of lines every 5centimeters if you are using metric measurements, or every 3inches (1/4 of a foot) if you are using English measurements. This means that we can approximately calculate the amount of energy that the ball conserves as it hits the floor and therefore the height to which it will bounce for any given height in a vacuum. Place the tape measurer against the edge of a wall using the bluetack 3. When the temperature drops, gas molecules in close proximity. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. - Paper x If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. Keep releasing pressure and repeating the experiment until the ball no longer bounces. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. I will drop the ball 3 This is because the ball starts with more GPE. We could have improved this Because of its flexibility, cold rubber is generally less flexible than warm rubber. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. Discussion: The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. If a ball has a lot of weight, it must withstand the force of the air to produce a high bounce. Different Surfaces Equal Different Bounce Balls get distorted when they bounce. Equipment/materials used: The balls were dropped from 100 inches onto the granite surface and bounced between 52.93 and 58.43 inches. The more energy absorbed by the surface, the less that remains in the ball for it to bounce. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. Therefore the results are valid. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. Above this point the height all balls will bounce to will not be directly proportional to the height they are dropped from, but the increase in the height they bounce to will increase more slowly in proportion to the height they are dropped from compared to the increase between lower heights before the ball shows signs of approaching its terminal velocity before it hits the ground. hard ball made of rubber should bounce the highest on a concrete surface, which These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The colder the temperature, the less likely it is that the ball will bounce. Copyright 2002-2023 Science Buddies. They're filled with air and surrounded in a yellow felt-covered rubber, giving the ball better aerodynamics. The first independent variable that will be tested. Acrylic-topped, this surface offers the most consistent ball bounce of all the outdoor tennis courts. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. However, there has been no change in the fact that basketballs bounce better when they are inflated more thoroughly. This can be explained by two factors. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. This is why you should have seen that when you bounced the basketball on a relatively hard surface it bounced higher (it lost less energy) compared with when it was bounced on a softer surface . Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. Gravel got bounced on the least, 1 time . The reason is that the molecules in the ball are more active when they are warmer, so they push against each other harder, and the ball expands more. In this practical, students may use a variety of different balls to determine which type is most efficient. Tennis balls are more likely to bounce on grass. Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. Some balls to try are: soccer, basketball, volleyball, golf, tennis, or handball. As a result, the ball is lifted in this manner. A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. an incorrect and unreliable result. The children were oblivious to these . The colder, the lower the ball bounces, and vice versa. You will need to be able to stop the video to make your measurements when the ball is at its highest point in the first bounce. Then when it bounces up, it returns to its original shape. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.Privacy Policy | Affiliate Disclosure. . in the execution of our experiment. - tennis ball x h1and h2are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Carpet2. In competitive tennis, sweat loss can quickly exceed the normal body temperature, causing electrolyte and body water deficits, as well as thermal stress that can significantly alter a players physiology, perception of effort, and ability to perform well on court. All rights reserved. If we Concrete will help bounce a ball the highest as it's hard and, My partner and Is experiment which surface bounces a ball the highest?, consisted of us randomly selecting different balls along with different surfaces. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. Tennis balls were originally invented for the sport of tennis, but they make a great test subject for physics experiments. Therefore, our hypothesis was refuted by our final results. When contact is made with the ground, the molecules in the tennis ball stretch apart and the shape of the ball changes to more of an oval shape. As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. The low bounce allows him to hit his forehand with a topspin as the ball stays low and bends over the net. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. Abstract and Figures. This experiment requires a ball that will bounce and a meter stick or other measuring device. Each of the following experiments tests a different hypothesis. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. How can you measure the height a ball bounces? If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. Different factors affect a ball's efficiency, temperature, surface area and surface material are just a few. , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). Science Buddies Staff. Choosing The Right Shoes For Paddle Tennis, How To Decide If Tennis Shoes Are Appropriate For A Rooftop Event. Steel balls bounce higher than rubber balls. When printing this document, you may NOT modify it in any way. Warmer balls bounce better than cold ones. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. One of the hunks of information we found was The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. You can check the weather stats at. As the ball falls to the surface it has kinetic energy. When a tennis ball is on the court, the bounces are heavily influenced by the environment. Try comparing two days with different atmospheric pressure. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. The temperature of a tennis ball greatly affects how high it bounces. When it is dropped, the air molecules will squish together and then spring apart. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. carpet, tennis 57 cm 56 cm 61 cm 58 cm Up with the website experiment compared to new balls stick or other measuring device it has kinetic.... Is momentarily zero they & # x27 ; s efficiency, temperature, the lower the ball is on court. 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