The 50% reaction turbine has been used widely and has special significance. Enjoy! Another name for the rotor is the rotor assembly. Are found in the first stage Therefore, for maximum utilization. WebSteam turbines are a common site at many industrial plants. 4.31 by the drop of the energy line at reference point 5. On larger turbines the _____ is split in a horizontal direction. Minimum seal clearance. A reheat system takes exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine(s) and returns it to the watertube boiler(s) for reheating. Fins and segments on the rotor shaft and casing create a torturous flow path for steam and air. c. Pressure, velocity. In an impulse turbine, the nozzles: This setup allows a turbine to operate the HP, IP, and LP steam rotors, at different speeds. e. Absolute. Create pressure velocity compounding. The impulse turbine depends for its action on the behaviour of steam (under pressure) that is allowed to expand. The ends of the nozzles are bevelled off to permit of close approach to the blading. A single nozzle box contains multiple nozzles. b. 1. In a steam turbine using velocity compounding the velocity is absorbed in: e. 1, 3. Velocity decreases in the stationary blades a. Due to the considerable reactionary forces on the LP turbine blades (due to their large size), larger LP turbine designs usually admit steam into the centre of the turbine; the steam then flow outwards through two opposing and identical stages. Note the radial and axial clearances and the grooves in which the blades are secured. %PDF-1.3 The gearbox not only increases the torque applied to the loads shaft, but also ensures the load is driven at its design speed (measured in rpm). Muhammad Asif Hanif, Umer Rashid, in Renewable and Alternative Energy Resources, 2022. From the diagram W1 = V2, the angles of both the stationary and rotation blades are identical. However, due to varying load conditions, it is not possible to leave steam throttle valves permanently open, and the valves must at some point be throttled (moved to a position between fully open and fully closed). Match the body region in column A with the surface feature in column B. Steam turbine casing joints are made steam tight by matching _____ exactly. e. 3,4,5. Decrease steam pressure Chemical feed pumps. To make this possible, steam is bled at certain stages to perform other work such as feedwater heating. b. The dummy piston annular area and the steam pressure are chosen to produce a force which exactly balances the end thrust from the reaction blading. d. Isenthalpic process. The shaft itself forms the bearing journal surface upon which the plain bearings are mated. 4. Similar knife-edges are provided in the Parsons turbine to prevent leakage of steam out through the shaft bearings at the high-pressure end, or incursion of air at the low-pressure end. The bearings are the only portions of a turbine that require oil, in striking contrast with the reciprocating engine, whether steam or diesel, on which all moving surfaces in contact must be lubricated. WebThe dummy piston arrangement is a wheel or drum integral to the rotor. Cavitation leads to damage of a pumps internal components and a rapid loss in pump efficiency (reduced flow rate etc.). c. 1, 3, 4. 15% Condensate will often be several degrees below the saturation point, the main reason for this though is to prevent cavitation occurring in the condenser condensate pumps. a. Chromium After flowing out of the inlet water box, water flows through tubes to the discharge/outlet water boxes on the opposite side of the condenser. e. Labyrinth seals. 6.3. e. Provide an area to install a labyrinth deal. a. Each diaphragm disc holds a single row of stationary blades and each blade row is referred to as a stage (same terminology as with a turbines rotor). 5. 1, 2, 3 /Kids [ 3 0 R 17 0 R 31 0 R 45 0 R 59 0 R ] a. Frictional losses are maximized. THOUSANDS OF BLADES are fitted to the rotor and to the casing of a steam turbine. To reduce these losses, most condensers are of the regenerative type. The passage of steam through moving and fixed blades (F) is indicated by the horizontal arrows. Maintaining condensate as close to the saturation temperature as possible ensures heat from the steam system is not being rejected unnecessarily, and efficiencies remain high. c. Steam temperature. 4. c. Create higher rotational speeds. The one disadvantage of the marine steam turbine is that it cannot be reversed by changing the direction of the steam. b. A gravity tank (or tanks) is installed at the top of the power plant building and oil is constantly circulated through the tank to maintain the desired level. In some turbines steam is admitted at the centre of the casing and flows to either end simultaneously, so eliminating end thrust. He also includes a chapter on boilers. Condensers can significantly impact the efficiency of a steam turbine. e. Low in capacity to weight ratio. When turbine blade velocity is equal to one half the steam velocity, then exiting steam: heating tanks, comfort heating etc. 
/Subtype /Image a. Large numbers of blade rings are used in the Parsons turbine so that the number of stages in which the pressure falls shall be as many as possible. 
Steam turbine with a dummy piston and wet steam blockage Abstract The steam turbine has a high pressure flow channel arranged between a rotatably supported b. 2,3 In this machine the rotor, with its rows of blades, is shown lifted from the lower portion of the casing, the upper part of which is suspended by an overhead crane. From: Comprehensive Renewable Energy (Second Edition), 2022, Elena Vagnoni, in Encyclopedia of Energy Storage, 2022. d. Too slow in rotational speed. Large condensers used in the power generation industry are water cooled. Should the sharp edge accidentally touch an adjacent stationary surface, it is merely ground away harmlessly instead of jamming or causing friction by rubbing. e. 2, 4. c. 1,4,5 In a steam turbine using velocity compounding _____ expand the steam from initial to exhaust pressure. Dipak K. Sarkar, in Thermal Power Plant, 2015. 2. Moving. d. Superheated This equation can be modified for maximum utilization for a 50% reaction turbine with an axial exit and the Euler equation reduces to. b. d. Monthly replacement Rows of stationary blades alternating with rows of moving Expensive. Khan, in Advances in Clean Energy Technologies, 2021. If the oil pressure decreases below a given setpoint, the emergency trip valve will actuate and the turbine will run to a standstill. >> Reaction steam turbines often use _____ seals as part of the shroud with the seal clearances kept as small as possible. e. One set of nozzles and blades. Steam passes, as indicated by the arrow, through a narrowing orifice and then through a trumpet-shaped opening. e. Weight. This is done to oppose axial forces generated by the turbine 1,2 When steam leaves the moving blades at zero absolute velocity: Nearest to the ideal. Fully balanced. 
2023 saVRee 3D Interactive Media. Low level cavitation within condensate pumps may occur. For its proper operation, the turbine is submerged in water in such a way that water enters along the radial axis and after rotating the turbine blades it leaves the turbine vertically through the center of the turbine. 1. Steam enters the machine through the nozzles shown at the top in the direction of the oblique arrows, and impinges on the first row of moving blades (M) that move in the direction indicated by the horizontal arrows. 10-15% Turbines with higher HP speeds and lower LP speeds are referred to as Tandem Articulated or Cross Compounded turbines; these types of turbine shafts are not directly coupled together. To better deal with these problems, turbines are split into two or more separate cylinders. Building heating. Normally, the lubrication oil system is connected to the control oil system, depending on the turbine design. There exist several types of turbines which can be used in different PHES configurations. Note that HP turbine blades are usually fully shrouded. This axial clearance, as it is known, is made adjustable by a micrometer collar on the end of the turbine shaft. Maximum seal clearance. e. 3, 4. Webcorrection for dummy leakage is still required. ~""D/Ueie.[Rn-B4J*oA"".k}7UB[!|YHN]am. Normally, before starting and stopping a turbine, all casing drains will be opened to remove any accumulated condensate. b. Isothermal process. In a reaction turbine the steam pressure drops across both the fixed and moving blades while the steam's _____ rises in the fixed blades and drops in the moving blades. Support the dummy piston. d. Rotor. The emergency trip valve is held open by the hydraulic control oil pressure. On start-up Because the steam issues from them much faster than it enters, the blades are given a kick or reaction-push.
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