The next chart shows available estimates of this metric for full-time workers in the US, by age group. 
Composite indices that cover multiple dimensions show that on the whole gender inequalities have been shrinking substantially over the last century. Because of this, researchers and policymakers often construct synthetic indicators that aggregate various dimensions. Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of blind auditions on female musicians. In a recent paper, Goldin and Katz (2016) show that pharmacy became a highly remunerated female-majority profession with a small gender earnings gap in the US, at the same time as pharmacies went through substantial technological changes that made flexible jobs in the field more productive (e.g. The scatter plot here shows available ILO estimates on the gender pay gap (vertical axis) vs GDP per capita (on a logarithmic scale along the horizontal axis). if we decompose the wage gap after including people who are not employed). What is the the picture on economic inequality in the aggregate? This year, the Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks 146 countries, providing a basis for robust cross-country analysis. Goldin, C., & Katz, L. F. (2016). Find, compare and share OECD data by indicator. In Finland the figure creeps to 16.7%. The gender pay gap affects women of different ethnicities and races differently. averages for women in households within the top and bottom quintiles of the corresponding national income distribution). Italy (11.11% gender wage gap) Italy has a gender pay gap of 11.11%, the tenth best among OECD Countries. Secondly, we see that there are important differences by age. When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. A recent study, also from Denmark, tracked men and women over the period 1980-2013, and found that after the first child, womens earnings sharply dropped and never fully recovered. Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). 10. (This map from the World Development Report (2012) provides a more fine-grained overview of different property regimes operating in different countries.). Secondly, we see that there are important differences by age. Nevertheless, powerful as these strategies may be, they are only part of the solution. Hence, it is also common to measure gender gaps by comparing earnings for the individuals at the median or middle of the earnings distribution. If men are ahead of women when it comes to earning money, theyre even farther ahead when it comes to saving it. The results from this study are shown in the chart. The two charts present the key figures from the study. In other words: Most of the convergence in earnings occurred during the 1980s, a decade in which the unexplained gap shrunk substantially. (We explore the ILO data above.) The gender pay gap is smaller in middle-income countries which tend to be countries with low labor force participation of women. In this entry we present data and research on economic inequalities between men and women. As we can see: (i) in most countries the gap is positive women earn less than men; and (ii) there are large differences in the size of this gap across countries. Here we try to answer these questions, providing an empirical overview of the gender pay gap across countries and over time. It is closely followed by Europe, which has closed 76.6% of its gap. gender wage gap, in many industrialized countries, systemic differences between the average wages or salaries of men and those of women. Here, values below 100% mean that women earn less than men, while values above 100% mean than women earn more. & Voitchovsky, S. J Econ Inequal (2018) 16: 225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-018-9384-z.The authors produced results for 8 countries, and included earlier results for Sweden from Boschini, A., Gunnarsson, K., Roine, J.: Women in Top Incomes: Evidence from Sweden 1974-2013, IZA Discussion paper 10979, August (2017). As we show above, in several nations, such as Sweden and Denmark, a motherhood penalty in earnings exists, even though these nations have generous family policies, including paid family leave and subsidized child care. Lundborg, Plug and Rasmussen summarise their findings as follows: Our main finding is that women who are successfully treated by [in vitro fertilization] earn persistently less because of having children. The chart above shows that womens control over household spending tends to be greater in richer countries. Cross-country data on the gender pay gap is patchy, but the most complete source in terms of coverage is the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO). Available online here. (1996), who look at discrimination in restaurants. unobservable worker characteristics that cannot be controlled for in a regression), while the explained factors may themselves be vehicles of discrimination. You can explore data for other countries using the Change country button on the chart. Households wealth is shown by the quintile in the wealth distribution on the x-axis the poorest households are in the lowest quintiles (Q1) on the left. Actually, middle-income countries tend to have the smallest pay gap. In Finland the figure creeps to 16.7%. With an average population-weighted score of 63.4%, Middle East and North Africa has the second-largest gender gap yet to close, after South Asia. Find, compare and share OECD data by indicator. 
Both discrimination and inequality are important. This would mean that in the adjusted specification, we would see that occupation and industry are important contributing factors but that is precisely because discrimination is embedded in occupational differences! Webochsner obgyn residents // gender wage gap in different countries. As a result, the global estimate rises, from 16 to 19 per cent. We explain the decline in annual earnings by women working less when children are young and getting paid less when children are older. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. But what does gender inequality look like if we focus on the very top of the income distribution? In other words, women, more than men, are expected to have temporal flexibility in their jobs. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. In sixth spot, Sub-Saharan Africa stands at 67.8%. the gap here excludes disparities that arise from differences in hourly wages for part-time and full-time workers). The chart here shows a breakdown of the adjusted gender pay gaps in the US, factor by factor, in 1980 and 2010. 
This third point follows from the fact that the difference between the blue and red bars was much larger in 1980 than in 2010. On the other hand, the available evidence suggests differences in psychological attributes and non-cognitive skills are at best modest factors contributing to the gender pay gap. Add country Wed like to thank Sandra Tzvetkova and Diana Beltekian for great research assistance. The second panel shows the same comparison for Danish men. Central Asia, along with East Asia and the Pacific, are towards the middle, at 69.1% and 69%, respectively, progress towards parity. Available online here. (NB. At the present rate it would take 98 years to close the gender gap in the region. The chart shows this for the US. IV Evidence from IVF Treatments. One of the most important economic trends of the late 20th century was the dramatic increase in the number of women entering the paid labour force. But they are not one and the same. However, the chart shows that the relationship is not really linear. The implication is that observing differences in pay between men and women is neither necessary nor sufficient to prove discrimination in the workplace. The time to close the Health and Survival gender gap remains undefined as its progress to parity has stalled. But it is likely to have a large impact on gender inequality, particularly in countries where other measures are already in place.24, Implementing these strategies can have a positive self-reinforcing effect. The implication is that observing differences in pay between men and women is neither necessary nor sufficient to prove discrimination in the workplace. What percentage of the US public approves of working wives? On average, women globally are paid about 20 per cent less than men, the International Labour (ILO) Organization said on Sunday, International Equal Pay Day. The idea of the adjusted pay gap is to make comparisons within groups of workers with roughly similar jobs, tenure and education. These estimates are not directly comparable to those from the ILO, because the pay gap is measured slightly differently here: The OECD estimates refer to percent differences in median earnings (i.e. 1. ILO data shows similar trends for the period 2000-2015. the gender pay gaps tend to be smaller where relatively fewer women participate in the labor force, firms with female managers tend to also be firms with more female workers, pay gap between the average wages of men and women, most high-income countries have seen sizeable reductions in the gender pay gap, women tend to do more unpaid care work at home than men, A Grand Gender Convergence: Its Last Chapter, family-friendly policies contribute to improve female labor force participation and reduce the gender pay gap, statistical gender gaps in maths scoresin some countries, show particular predisposition to accept and receive requests for tasks with low promotion potential, How well do innate gender differences explain the gender pay gap?, only 18% of people in the US thought that a wife should work if her husband was able to support her, https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/gender-statistics, http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2020/dataexplorer/, http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators. If it is negative, it means that, on an hourly basis, men earn on average less than women. Gender pay gap differs widely by race and ethnicity Looking across racial and ethnic groups, a wide gulf separates the earnings of Black and Hispanic women from the earnings of White men. The next chart shows available estimates of this metric for full-time workers in the US, by age group. How is the unadjusted gender pay gap measured? Help us do this work by making a donation. This is shown in the chart here, where low-pay refers to workers earning less than two-thirds of the median (i.e. Iceland, Finland and Norway hold the topmost ranks in the world and in the region. As it turns out, in many countries women are at the same time overrepresented in low-paying jobs. The improvements are due to a slight increase since last year in the gender gap score of the United States of America as well as a stable score in Canada. 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