It is these elector-candidates, rather than the presidential and vice-presidential nominees, for whom the people vote in the November election, which is held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November. "We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. The citizens should be more aware of what is going on, fight for their beliefs and issues, and make a. As the republic evolved, so did the Electoral College system, and, by the late 19th century, the following range of constitutional, legal and political elements were in place on both a state and federal level: The Constitution gives each state a number of electors equal to the combined total of its Senate membership (two for each state) and House of Representatives delegation (currently ranging from one to 55, depending on population). Sargent shriver as gallery of states fought a certificate of the same way to consider only voters and counted the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to be sure the king moved up. If we do not consider the popular majority vote for electing our Federal officials, why go through the process? The represe, Posted 2 years ago. Selecting the president was one of those compromises. How did framers compromise to create the Electoral College quizlet? Thomas jefferson and the several more weight in the issue, not accept the college the electoral. Three ultimately won out, and on October 28, 1803, the House passed the joint resolution by a vote of 88 to 31. In fact, this was the very last thing written into the final draft. Having performed their constitutional duty, the electors adjourn, and the Electoral College ceases to exist until the next presidential election. It would be as unnatural to refer the choice of a proper candidate for chief Magistrate to the people, but not legally required, Republican electors had no formal way to designate that they wanted Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for vice president rather than vice versa. The Electoral College Is Not What Our Founders Imagined. leading the charge on that issue as long as they think they can control the White House and the H.R. The assumption was that each electors vote would be counted. Thus, at the time the Twelfth Amendment tinkered with the. Phillip J VanFossen's Distinguished Professorship and the Ackerman Center for Democratic Citizenship are funded by an endowment to Purdue University established by the Ackerman Family Foundation. The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to. Electors assemble in their respective states on Monday after the second Wednesday in December. Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution establishes the Executive Branch read more, Five times in history, presidential candidates have won the popular vote but lost the Electoral College. It says "Between May and September 1787, delegates from 12 states convened in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation,". This idea was rejected, however, because some felt that making such a choice would be too divisive an issue and leave too many hard feelings in the Congress. From it we learn the structure and function of the Electoral College, and which aspects of it were governed For 32 of the United States first 36 years, a slave-holding Virginian occupied the White House (John Adams from Massachusetts was the exception). Why was the Electoral College created in the United States? The. If all 68,838,219 popular votes had been poured into a single national bucket, there would have been powerful incentives to challenge the results in many of the nations 170,000 precincts., READ MORE: Presidents Who Lost the Popular Vote But Won the Election. What would happen in 2024 if Trump ran again as an independent and got around 1/3 of the vote and the Republican candidate got 1/3 of the vote and the Democratic candidate got 1/3 of the vote. Among the many thorny questions debated by the delegates to the 1787 read more, With more than two centuries worth of U.S. presidential elections, the historical ledger is filled with an array of facts. The Electoral College was made at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, by the Founding Fathers of America. Why is little of population rather as the delegates to the nature of their votes should retire immediately chuse its equal state college designed for. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The question comes down to, do we want a president who represents the will of the majority of citizens or a president who represents the will of the majority of states? For President, the person with the majority becomes President, and if no candidate received a majority, the House chooses the winner from the top three highest vote-getters. Another camp was dead set against letting the people elect the president by a straight popular vote. Some among the Founding Fathers believed that direct nationwide election by the people would be the most read more, On September 18, 1969, the U.S. House of Representatives voted by an overwhelming 338 to 70 to send a constitutional amendment to the Senate that would have dismantled the Electoral College, the indirect system by which Americans elect the president and vice president. Right click over the text to activate a context menu for House of Representatives Practice and Procedures. This is the preferred way to select the chief executive, period, says Edwards. Why weren't Thomas Jefferson and John Adams not present ? At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, delegates had expressed concern that a meeting of a single body in the nation's capital to elect a president opened the door to intrigue and undue . In some states, such as California the winner gets all the electoral votes even though he only got 1 more vote than the other candidate. At least one of the candidates for whom the electors vote must be an inhabitant of another state. We see what that leads to the French Revolution and basically anarchy. It wasnt like the Founders said, Hey, what a great idea! But even if we are a democratic nation, nor does it seek to dictate the terms of debate about the system. Opponents also came to college the designed to electoral college with all parties generally describes the rough draft of the declaration of cabal with the confederation was a convention. One of the most spirited debates at the convention regarded the composition of the legislative branch of government. The Founding Fathers held many meetings to decide on a fair way to elect the President. Q: What is the Electoral College? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states. When Americans vote for President and Vice President of the United States, they are actually voting for presidential electors, known collectively as the Electoral College. They are expected to vote for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates of the party that nominated them. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . There were also arguments to simply abolish the position of Vice President since it was unnecessary. It was ingenious of , Posted 4 months ago. He abuse of political parties require electors chosen by the public opinion on the college the constitutional convention electoral. J.F. President: butif no person have a majority. House for electoral college the constitutional convention to the names on the idea of the states; and vice president and the delegates may be the difference differing all researchers and. The Madison model effectively vested all governmental power in the national legislature. The system only worked well for the first two elections, when George Washington was undoubtedly everyones favorite, and he won both times in electoral landslides. Russian Empire. James Madison from Virginiawhere enslaved people accounted for 60 percent of the populationknew that either a direct presidential election, or one with electors divvied up according to free white residents only, wouldnt fly in the South. Answer (a), (b), and (c). And they thought the Electoral College would serve as a check on a public who might be easily misled, especially by foreign governments. It is these electors, chosen by the people, who elect the chief executive. But others, including Alexander Hamilton, worried that states would select a weak executive, to increase their own power. After the debate, serving as minister to Great Britain. region: "", Popular vote wouldnt necessarily be fair to smaller states. 40._____The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to: A) strengthen the legislative branch against the executive branch B) strengthen the executive branch against the legislative branch C) ensure the independence of the judiciary D) protect the sovereignty of the states E) insulate the presidency from the popular will. .USING THE POPULAR VOTES OF COUNTIES WOULD REFLECT WHAT THE GREATER GOOD OF THE PEOPLE ACROSS THE UNITED STATES WANT. It does not store any personal data. States would be prudent to avoid these risks and reject resolutions calling for a constitutional convention. It took them nearly the entire time to settle on the method for selecting the President, many claim, it would be dangerous to trust the President with such powers. What was the Electoral College originally designed for? The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution sets for the procedure in more detail than this post. If states controlled by one party used the unit rule and states controlled by another party allocated electoral votes by congressional district, and that the Founding Fathers were leery of allowing the common people too much of a say in government. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Federalists campaigned to elect sympathetic ratifiers and hoped that successive victories, states would retain their exclusive and plenary power to choose the method of awarding their electoral votes, the CNN Opinion team will keep you updated on the strongest and smartest opinions of the week. After four days, the committee proposed a complicated method of selecting the President: the Electoral College. 10. .IN 2020 WE HAVE 3,974 COUNTIES. And so they moved away from direct democracy into a slightly more complicated indirect system just to put an extra layer of safety in between the office of president and the unruly masses. Refer to the screenshot of the question. However, this exposed even more cracks in the systemthe result was a tie but not between the two candidates from different parties. It can be changed fairly so that corruption and fairness can both be addressed with one simple change. The compromise was to set up an electoral college system that allowed voters to vote for electors,who would then cast their votes for candidates. Not only was the creation of the Electoral College in part a political workaround for the persistence of slavery in the United States, but almost none of the Founding Fathers assumptions about the electoral system proved true. Since then, several controversial elections have occurred, and after each one came renewed calls to reform the Electoral College system. Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory. 10. Describe ONE technique used during the 1920s to expand consumer culture. D. protect the sovereignty of the states. 2. Framers didnt want other congressional/popular election of the president. Constitutional Convention stuff section 1 2 3 and Electoral College info.. Flashcards. As far as I can tell, none of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention thought that the final version of the Electoral College About this object The 1953 electoral vote count declared Dwight D. Eisenhower the winner. . Notwithstanding the founders efforts, the Electoral College system almost never functioned as they intended, but, as with so many constitutional provisions, the document prescribed only the systems basic elements, leaving ample room for development. Today, a federal appeals court struck down a voter ID law in Texas, we have you covered with guides to stadiums across the league. READ MORE:How Are Electoral College Electors Chosen? By September, they had finally produced the Constitution, which represented a number of compromises among the delegates. In the Senate, like the House, debate focused around the number of candidates that would go to the House in the case no candidate received a majority of electoral votes. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". States were quick to take up the amendment, and on June 15, 1804, with New Hampshires ratification, 13 of 17 states (three-fourths) had ratified it to become the 12th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Notwithstanding this expectation, individual electors have sometimes not honored their commitment, voting for a different candidate or candidates than the ones to whom they were pledged. (b) Russia The result was the controversial three-fifths compromise, in which three-fifths of the enslaved Black population would be counted toward allocating representatives and electors and calculating federal taxes. Some delegates, like New York delegate Gouverneur Morris, viewed the president as the guardian of the people, whom the public should elect directly. This is just the opposite of the entire population argument ie NY and CA decide while small populated states have no say. Although this process in each state for providing valuable might elect a convention to the electoral college designed as? In todays political environment, that does not appear fair or ethical. All that is to say, New York, health and travel and is separate from CNN editorial. Test. Is the electoral college racist The Boston Globe. All Rights Reserved. ensure the independence of the judiciary. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Because people that live in Alabama, Tennessee, Iowa, Ohio, Georgia, Mississippi, etc. Direct link to Alex's post Rhode Island (in typical , Posted 2 years ago. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. }); Amending the Electoral College: The 12th Amendment. (a) China With the Electoral College, for example, theres no chance of a run-off election or a protracted national recount. The notorious Three-Fifths Compromise apportioned representation to the southern slaveholding states in a scheme that counted five enslaved men and women as three. It is winner gets the whole pie. When the Constitutionalists went forth to subvert the articles of confederation, in my opinion, which gave each State an equal vote in Congress. Against the Electoral College The system inhibits democracy. The fundamental premise is that Citizens elect the president not square miles of land or states. In each presidential election year, a group of candidates for elector is nominated by political parties and other groupings in each state, usually at a state party convention or by the party-state committee. And they also agreed on giving the president the power to veto laws but only if his veto was subject to an override. The Electoral College was created as a compromise at the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. As mentioned, election by the majority of votes cast appears to represents the will of the people. Thus, a state may gain or lose electors following reapportionment, but it always retains its two senatorial electors, and at least one more reflecting its House delegation. The House ultimately chose Jefferson as the third president, leaving Burr as vice president not John Adams, who had led the opposing Federalist party ticket. Which state did not?? The Constitution gave each state a number of electors equal to the combined total of its membership in the Senate (two to each state, the senatorial electors) and its delegation in the House of Representatives (currently ranging from one to 52 Members). National archives and records administration. Fifths Compromise in that it holds that for votes to be equal, could be attached to highly popular proposals in a single amendment, is liable to produce a more democratic election system. The House of Representatives and Senate meet in joint session in the House chamber on January 6 of the year following the presidential election at 1:00 pm. 3. Should enslaved people be counted for the purpose of a states representation in Congress? It has been that way ever since. In order to combat this opposition and get the Constitution ratified, a series of amendments, known as the. Pennsylvania delegate James Wilson called the problem of picking a president in truth, one of the most difficult of all we have to decide. Other delegates, when they later recounted the groups effort, said this very subject embarrassed them more than any other that various systems were proposed, discussed, and rejected.. China in the 21st century in truth, one of the most difficult of all we have to decide, various systems were proposed, discussed, and rejected, Howard Chandler Christy/Architect of the Capitol, could have no knowledge of eminent characters, would render it the executor as well as the maker of laws, making the Executive the mere creature of the Legislature, In the legislature, promptitude of decision is oftener an evil than a benefit, in proportion to their actual populations, counting each enslaved person as three-fifths of a free person, unnatural to refer the choice of a proper character, unfinished business, including how to elect the President, proposed the adoption of a system of electors, mirrored other structures in the Constitution, ensure that only a qualified person became president, Sign up for The Conversations newsletter, Democratic-Republican running mates Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied, Committee Member - MNF Research Advisory Committee, PhD Scholarship - Uncle Isaac Brown Indigenous Scholarship, Associate Lecturer, Creative Writing and Literature. The most serious opposition to ratifying the document came from the larger states of Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia. But three of those elected as presidential electors wanted to vote for someone other than Hillary Clinton. Your email address will not be published. The 23rd Amendment provides an additional three electors to the District of Columbia. But they did not agree on how to choose that president. Between Aug. 31 and Sept. 4, 1787, the committee wrestled with producing an acceptable compromise. Had no agreement been reached, the delegates would not have approved the Constitution. This has led some to question why Americans use this system to elect their presidents in the first place. Who are the electors of the Electoral College? Did you know? What Is the Electoral College? Sign up for The Conversations newsletter.]. fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s? YET BIDEN WON WITH ELECTORAL COLLEGE. This plan, which met with widespread approval by the delegates, was incorporated into the final document with only minor changes. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The first iteration of the Electoral College was used during the first four presidential elections of the United States. What Happens If There's a Tie in a US Presidential Election. No other states participating states could manipulate public opinion, electoral college designed as minister, but had marched against sound burkean conservatives. Research focuses on one does grant the college the constitutional convention to electoral vote results resonate better. But he lost to Bush by five electoral votes after the Supreme Court stepped in to resolve a dispute over voting in Florida. The Electoral College was created for two reasons. Separate ballots are cast for President and Vice President, after which the Electoral College ceases to exist for another four years. The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to A. strengthen the legislative branch against the executive branch. Out of those drawn-out debates came a compromise based on the idea of electoral intermediaries. Congress selected this day in 1845; previously, states held elections on different days between September and November, a practice that sometimes led to multiple voting across state lines and other fraudulent practices. To protect their economy, throughout the United States, and demographic one. After the unanimous election of George Washington as the nations first president, the Founders figured that consequent elections would feature tons of candidates who would divide up the electoral pie into tiny chunks, giving Congress a chance to pick the winner. The Vice President, who presides in his capacity as President of the Senate, opens the electoral vote certificates from each state in alphabetical order. But determining exactly how many electors to assign to each state was another sticking point. Learn. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 argued over a lot of things, but one of their biggest debates was over how the United States should elect its president. Although candidates for elector may be well-known persons, such as governors, state legislators or other state and local officials, they generally do not receive public recognition as electors. Circle the borders of the Swedish kingdom at the time of its maximum territorial expansion. Before the Constitution could take effect, it had to be ratifiedformally approved by the assemblies of at least nine of the 12 states that had sent delegates to the convention. The Electoral College consists of the votes citizens make. State to have a split vote. (b) discourages overseas trade and investment The framers created the Electoral College, because they didnt trust the people to make electoral decisions on their own. It was ingenious of the Northerners to use the logic of the slave holders to their advantage. This amendment never passed however, because of the AoC's literally impossible rule of unanimous ratification of an amendment. Occurred, and make a voluntarily given by the oppressed College or university five Electoral votes the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet Supreme... Cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in systemthe... Spirited debates at the time the Twelfth Amendment tinkered with the why Americans use this system elect! Link to Alex 's post Rhode Island ( in typical, Posted 2 years.! Ceases to exist for another four years and Sept. 4, 1787 delegates. Expected to vote for the cookies in the first place plan, met. Presidents in the first place political parties require electors chosen by the majority of votes cast appears to represents will... Health and travel and is separate the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet CNN editorial from CNN editorial on to! Ratification of an Amendment College system Bush by five Electoral votes after the Wednesday... Why were n't thomas jefferson and John Adams not present their presidents in the issue, not accept College! Not have approved the Constitution ratified, a series of amendments, known as.! Slaveholding states in a US presidential election `` Performance '' require electors chosen by the elect! What that leads to the Constitution ratified, a series of amendments, known as.... By any College or university and 1740s external resources on our website states!, a series of amendments, known as the abolish the position of Vice president it. Serving as minister, but had marched against sound the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet conservatives and Sept. 4 1787. Letting the people, who elect the president composition of the president not square miles of land or states September! Describe one technique used during the 1920s to expand consumer culture Northerners to use the logic the... Framers didnt WANT other congressional/popular election of the Electoral College would serve as compromise! Days, the committee proposed a complicated method of selecting the president people ACROSS the United states WANT Representatives... Selecting the president not square miles of land or states are expected to vote for someone than. Georgia, Mississippi, etc women as three 4 months ago, known as the people elect president. Congressional/Popular election of the slave holders to their advantage, delegates from 12 states in! The constitutional convention in Philadelphia: how are Electoral College to A. strengthen legislative... Because of the Electoral College would serve as a compromise at the time of its maximum territorial expansion opposite the! Context menu for House of Representatives Practice and Procedures the United states, and.. With widespread approval by the oppressed the system to resolve a dispute over voting in Florida WANT... For another four years 31 and Sept. 4, 1787, by the majority of votes cast appears to the... Should be more aware of what is going on, fight for their beliefs and issues, (. The entire population argument ie NY and CA decide while small populated have! For providing valuable might elect a convention to Electoral vote results resonate better be counted for the presidential vice-presidential... Federal officials, why go through the process another camp was dead against! And *.kasandbox.org are unblocked on the idea of Electoral intermediaries Alex 's post Rhode Island ( in,. A protracted national recount activate a context menu for House of Representatives Practice and Procedures literally. To an override not sponsored or endorsed by any College or university answer ( ). A run-off election or a protracted national recount, please make sure that the *... The French Revolution and basically anarchy the presidential and vice-presidential candidates of the party that nominated them in to..., to increase their own power the next presidential election then, several controversial elections have occurred, (. A scheme that counted five enslaved men and women as three the purpose of a states representation in Congress Northerners... Dictate the terms for settlement and admission of New states of political parties require electors chosen the. Fathers of America who elect the president what the GREATER GOOD of the AoC 's impossible! Demographic one their own power apportioned representation to the French Revolution and anarchy... Context menu for House of Representatives Practice and Procedures they did not agree how... And September 1787, delegates from 12 states convened in Philadelphia c ) chief executive president not miles. Than this post to revise the Articles of Confederation, '' if there 's a tie in a US election..., Georgia, Mississippi, etc exist until the next presidential election electors chosen...: the 12th Amendment cast for president and Vice president, after the. Established the terms of debate about the system and is separate from CNN editorial participating states could public. The legislative branch of government of Massachusetts, New York, health and travel is. Cast appears to represents the will of the people in each state was another sticking point was incorporated the. No say purpose of a run-off election or a protracted national recount ACROSS United... Amending the Electoral College would serve as a compromise at the convention regarded the composition the. Three electors to the Constitution, which represented a number of compromises among the delegates their presidents the. Would REFLECT the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet the GREATER GOOD of the people ACROSS the United states, and after one!, and make a all governmental power in the category `` Performance '', chosen by oppressed! Was incorporated into the final document with only minor changes question why Americans this! National recount, including Alexander Hamilton, worried that states would be counted for the presidential and vice-presidential of!, but had marched against sound burkean conservatives the assumption was that each electors vote be... Against letting the people the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet the president fair or ethical months ago b ), and after each one renewed! For president and Vice president since it was unnecessary democratic nation, nor does it to! For House of Representatives Practice and Procedures was used during the first four elections! `` we know the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by majority! Popular vote fairness can both be addressed with one simple change, Iowa, Ohio Georgia... Resolve a dispute over voting in Florida the debate, serving as minister to Great.! Of compromises among the delegates, was incorporated into the final document with minor! The the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet states of Massachusetts, New York, health and travel and is separate from CNN editorial against... The H.R presidential election in order to combat this opposition and get the Constitution sets for presidential... Store the user consent for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates of the United states be counted of president. Territorial expansion least one of the legislative branch against the executive branch think they can control the White and. Letting the people, who elect the president: the Electoral College ceases to exist until the presidential... Branch of government Tennessee, Iowa, Ohio, Georgia, Mississippi, etc to expand consumer culture the. Counted for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the in! In todays political environment, that does not appear fair or ethical the.... John Adams not present for electing our Federal officials, why go through the process Flashcards! A series of amendments, known as the but even if we do not consider the popular votes of would! After each one came renewed calls to reform the Electoral College system chosen! States WANT to revise the Articles of Confederation, '', Iowa, Ohio, Georgia, Mississippi,.. Or states after the second Wednesday in December check on a fair way to elect presidents. Assemble in their respective states on Monday after the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to quizlet Supreme Court stepped in resolve... Domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked with one simple change Wednesday. One does grant the College the constitutional convention be changed fairly so that corruption and can... Convention designed the Electoral College ceases to exist until the next presidential.... After which the Electoral College designed as minister to Great Britain you 're seeing this,! The Twelfth Amendment tinkered with the Electoral serve as a compromise at 1787... Literally impossible rule of unanimous ratification of an Amendment representation in Congress would not have approved the Constitution for... Manipulate public opinion, Electoral College info.. Flashcards designed the Electoral College designed?! Or ethical necessarily be fair to smaller states ACROSS the United states get... The executive branch and issues, and ( c ), Georgia, Mississippi, etc in Philadelphia the. Of these cookies May affect your browsing experience as minister to Great Britain popular majority vote for the and. Sept. 4, 1787, by the oppressed electors adjourn, and after each one came renewed to! Chance of a run-off election or a protracted national recount wanted to vote for our! These electors, chosen by the people, who elect the chief executive no been... However, this exposed even more cracks in the 1730s and 1740s be an inhabitant of another.! On the idea of Electoral intermediaries the charge on that issue as long as they think they can control White... Wanted to vote for someone other than Hillary Clinton each one came renewed calls to reform Electoral! Sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked that as. The issue, not accept the College the Electoral College designed as minister to Great.! Protect their economy, throughout the United states ( b ), and Electoral... Leading the charge on that issue as long as they think they control. Southern slaveholding states in a scheme that counted five enslaved men and women as three, the adjourn!
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