For this the Greek gods were to be worshiped. In Greek mythology, Hyperion (/ h a p r i n /; Greek: , 'he who goes before') was one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia (the Earth) and Uranus (the Sky). Certain types of insanity were said to be brought on by the moons influence, and it was believed that Selene had the power to create lunacy with purpose. The animals, however, were almost always shown as pure white regardless of their type. [78] In his dialogue between Aphrodite and Eros, Lucian also has Aphrodite admonish her son Eros for bringing Selene "down from the sky". There were some witches who people thought could make the moon or the sun disappear from the sky at a specified time, although it is more likely that such people, if they did exist, simply had the ability to predict when an eclipse was going to happen. Selene and Endymion standing next to each other, sarcophagus fragment, end of 2nd century AD. [146], Her and her brother's worship is also attested in Gytheum, a town in Laconia near Sparta, via an inscription (C.I.G. [117] Selene also appears on horseback as part of the Gigantomachy frieze of the Pergamon Altar. Different sources vary as to whether the chariot was golden or silver, but a silver chariot would seem to fit better with the goddess of the moon. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. Helius, Selene, Eos, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Nike, Boreas, Zephyrus, Astra) GREEK VASE PAINTINGS GALLERY 8 (83 IMAGES) What are Hades Powers that are Really Scary? The myth of Selene, the moon goddess, is no exception. If you have read Greek mythology and the famous epics of ancient Greece, you may be quite familiar with her brother Helios. Zeus had enough sympathy for Selene to not kill Endymion outright, but he put the human man in an enchanted sleep on Mount Latmus in the East so Selene would have no further reason to descend to earth each night. The goddess had pale skin that seemed to shine with its own inner light and long black hair that matched the dark sky around her. Selene had a relationship with the god Pan, according to Virgil. Kapach, Avi. Her brother, Helios, is the god of the sun, and her sister, Eos, is the goddess of the dawn. How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? But on nights the moon could not be seen, there was a very good reason for her absence. The goddess had one temple that was also an oracle near Thalamae in Laconia. Thou wouldst say far off that this was milk indeed, which is a well-spring of white water: if thou draw a little nigher, lo, the stream is fringed as though with ice, for white stone rims it round. She also had a statue, alongside Helios, in the public marketplace of Elis. The name of the moon goddess is surrounded by accounts of the consorts she had and their children. [95], Anaxagoras also reports that the Nemean lion was said to have fallen from the moon. Nonnus, Dionysiaca 12.1ff (who names Helios as the father of the Horae but does not name the mother). Hypothesis to the scholia on Pindars Nemean Odes. [13], Selene, along with her brother, her sister and the sky-god Zeus, is one of the few Greek deities of a clear Proto-Indo-European origin, although they were sidelined by later non-PIE newcomers to the pantheon, as remaining on the sidelines became their primary function, to be the minor deities the major ones were juxtaposed to, thus helping keep the Greek religion Greek. Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.336ff; cf. With Zeus she is the mother of Pandeia goddess of dew. [5], Selenes moon chariotsimilar to the sun chariot of her brother Helios and the dawn chariot of her sister Eoswas probably her most distinctive and consistent attribute. 1999, Mark P. O. Morford, Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, page 43, Balancing Arria is the union of Selene and Endymion. The Greeks (like many other ancient peoples) were notoriously terrified of eclipses, viewing them as signs of the gods displeasure.[3]. As Luna, she had temples at Rome on the Aventine and Palatine hills. [81], Philologist Max Mller's interpretation of solar mythology as it related to Selene and Endymion concluded that the myth was a narrativized version of linguistic terminology. [45] Selene and Zeus were also said to be the parents of Nemea, the eponymous nymph of Nemea, where Heracles slew the Nemean Lion, and where the Nemean Games were held. [63][66], Selene is best known for her affair with the beautiful mortal Endymion. But in other versions of the Endymion myth, Selene begged Zeus to make her lover immortal so they could be forever. Hecate and her followers, for example, asked Selene for her cooperation in their magic. Other tales said that the sleep put on Endymion was more of a punishment than a gift. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, in which months were delineated by the cycles of the moon. The Story of Selene. 116, no. [115] There are indications of a similar framing by Selene and Helios of the birth of Pandora on the base of the Athena Parthenos. Both Theocritus in his second Idyll and Pindar write about how young women would pray to or invoke spells in the name of the moon goddess for help with their love lives. 527532; Shear, pp. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. There were other goddesses worshiped by the Greeks who were widely associated with the moon themselves. Homeric Hymn 4.99100. However, in the science fiction book The First Men on the Moon by H.G. According to some, she bore fifty children while her lover slept and dreamed of her beauty. [33] The Homeric Hymn to Helios follows this tradition: "Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphassa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios",[34] with Euryphassa ("widely shining") probably being an epithet of Theia. [104] Zeus agrees, urged by Selene's complaints and having long intended to deal with the philosophers himself. The personification of the Sun, he was portrayed as driving a four-horse chariot across the sky on a daily basis. Pandia was the personification of the full moon and may have originally been another name for Selene before the myths made her the daughter of Selene and Zeus. [46], From Pausanias we hear that Selene was supposed to have had fifty daughters, by her lover Endymion, often assumed to represent the fifty lunar months of the Olympiad. [143] The idyll opens with the girl ordering her maid to bring potions and magical utensils, followed by an invocation to Selene and Hecate, and finally the rather lengthy spell itself; once she finishes her spell, the girl recounts to Selene of how she met and was betrayed by her lover, and calls upon the goddess to witness and help her, hence the love tail is woven into the love spell. We learn of Selenes family, her parents and siblings and the children that she went on to have, from various different sources and Greek myths. The Homeric Hymn 31 sings praises to all the children of Hyperion, referring to Eos as rosy armed Eos and to Helios as tireless Helios.. Selene is the Greek proper name for the Moon,[155] and 580 Selene, a minor planet in the asteroid belt, is also named after this goddess. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. In their stories, it is Diana, the Roman counterpart of Artemis, who falls in love with the beautiful mortal. Seeking vengeance, she instigated a war between her other children, the Giants, and the Olympian gods. [31] Mesomedes of Crete calls her (glauk, "silvery grey"). Nyx is the goddess of the night and is thus associated with the new moon. Selene is reputed to have had romantic relationships with her cousin Zeus as well and they had at least three daughters together, if not more children. These were Eiar, Theros, Cheimon, and Phthinoporon, Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. While her husbands team of horses usually consisted of four animals, Selenes chariot, like her light, was less powerful. The ancient Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the work of a witch, particularly the witches of Thessaly. Along with presiding over dangerous sea creatures, Ceto produced her own set of frightening . The lunar goddess was also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth. While Selenes best known consort may have been Endymion and the mythic romance between the moon goddess and the mortal has been documented in many places, he was not the only person that she was involved with. In time, however, some early Greek philosophers and scientists did attempt rational explanations for lunar eclipses (e.g., Democritus, frag. One of the most important sources of this myth is in the Greek satirist Lucian of Samosatas Dialogues of the Gods, where Aphrodite and Selene talk about the latters love for Endymion. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. As time progressed, they merged into one identity. Each day she drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the breaking of the new day and her brother's arrival. According to Lucian, Selene had a rival for Endymions love named Myia. The other gods, angered, sent him two lions to tear him apart. The bull was also one of her symbols and at times it was the bull that she was depicted to be riding. I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. In memory of the beautiful Endymion, the fly still grudges all sleepers their rest and annoys them. Athena, also spelled Athene, in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva. She was known for being the only Greek moon goddess portrayed as the embodiment of the moon by the ancient poets. Her request granted, Selene visited him regularly; some sources even reported that they had children together (see above).[27]. 500450 BCE. In the Greek calendar, they used the phases of the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods. [103], In Lucian's Icaromenippus, Selene complains to the titular Menippus of all the outrageous claims philosophers are making about her, such as wondering why she is ever waxing or gibbous, whether she is populated or not, and stating that she is getting her stolen light from the Sun, causing strife and ill feelings between her and her brother. Artemis is also a Goddess of the moon. Zeus slept with the human queen Alcmene, of which encounter Heracles was born. The two other daughters that Selene and Zeus had together was Nemea, the nymph of the town that the Nemean Lion was from, and Ersa, the personified version of dew. Two winged steeds pulled her across the sky each night. In some later accounts, she is known as the Horned Selene, perhaps due to the crescent moon upon the crown of her head. [107], Ovid mentions how in the myth of Phaethon, Helios' son who drove his father's chariot for a day, when Phaethon lost control of the chariot and burned the earth, Selene in the sky looked down to see in amazement her brother's horses running wild lower than normal. Two of the original twelve Titans descended from Uranus and Gaia, Hyperion was the Titan god of heavenly light while Theia was the Titan goddess of vision and the aether. Like most of the Titans, Selene was rarely worshipped in the ancient world. It was also believed to influence many aspects of their personal lives and even the actions of the gods. 14)" in, Osborne, Robin, "Looking on Greek Style. Selene is a Titan goddess in Greek mythology. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. 112114; Palagia 2005, Examples, among many others, include sarcophagi in the, This Epigenes has been tentatively identified with, Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in, Online version at Demonax | Hellenic Library, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, "Kaguya Another Chapter for the Lunar Saga", Online version at Harvard University Press, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library (Latin), Classical mythology in western art and literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selene&oldid=1142206020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Cohen, Beth, "Outline as a Special Technique in Black- and Red-figure Vase-painting", in. She is usually portrayed either driving a chariot (see above) or riding sideways on horseback[111] (sometimes riding an ox, a mule or a ram). [99] Scholia on Virgil add the story, ascribed to Nicander, that as part of the seduction, Pan wrapped himself in a sheepskin. [16][18], Although attempts have been made to connect Selene to Helene due to the similarity of their names, in two early dedications to Helen from Laconia her name is spelled with a digamma (Ancient Greek: , romanized:Welna), ruling out any possible connection between them. She announced the coming of her younger brother. 200 (cited in the scholia on Aristophanes Frogs 1033); Orphica frag. Her brother is Helios, the Sun and her sister is Eos, the Dawn. Selene fought back the giant, locking horns with Typhon; afterwards, she carried many scars on her orb, reminiscent of their battle. [120] Selene's head is sometimes surrounded by a nimbus, and from the Hellenistic period onwards, she is sometimes pictured with a torch. It is of course a tale that began in Ancient Greece, but the story of Endymion is one taken up with vigour by Renaissance artists and the imagery of the Moon goddesses visiting the eternal sleeping mortal was often repeated. Everything We Know About the Greek Goddess of Agriculture, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of, Interesting Facts about Athena: Greek Goddess of Knowledge. Selene The Greek God Selene is best known as the Titan Goddess of the moon. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. [122] As frequently depicted on Roman sarcophagi, Selene, holding a billowing veil forming a crescent over her head, descends from her chariot to join her lover, who slumbers at her feet. Synonyms of bright or shining or silvery are often used in descriptions of her, as she was supposed to have a complexion of extraordinary paleness. [54], The earliest known depiction of Selene driving a chariot adorns the inside of an early 5th century BC red-figure cup attributed to the Brygos Painter, showing Selene plunging her chariot, drawn by two winged horses, into the sea (Berlin Antikensammlung F 2293). https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene, Avi Kapach is a writer, scholar, and educator who received his PhD in Classics from Brown University. Because Basileia's other brothers envied these offspring, and feared that Hyperion would try to seize power for himself, they conspired against him. The most famous story of Selene, however, concerns her love for a mortal man. In Greek, the word selene means light or shine or brightness for the moon goddess who sheds her light upon the world during the dark nights. In this case, the story of Selene embracing Endymion, or Moon embraces Diver, refers to the sun setting and the moon rising. The legendary Greek poet, Museaus, a mortal, was also said to be the child of Selene from an unknown father. According to Hesiods Theogony, Selene was born of Hyperion and Theia. [145] Plutarch wrote that Selene was called upon in love affairs because she, the Moon, constantly yearns for the Sun, and compared her in that regard to Isis. While her brother was clad in shining gold, her light was softer and more clear. The idea that Selene would also give easy labours to women paved way for identification with Hera and the Roman Juno and Lucina, three other childbirth goddesses; Plutarch calls Selene "Hera in material form. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (/slini/; Greek: pronounced[seln], meaning "Moon"[2]) is the personification of the Moon. 14 In works of art, however, the two divinities are usually distinguished; the face of Though Selene, as the moon, was undeniably important to the ancient Greeks, there are very few descriptions of her in literature. [32], The usual account of Selene's origin is given by Hesiod in his Theogony, where the sun-god Hyperion espoused his sister Theia, who gave birth to "great Helios and clear Selene and Eos who shines upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven". [37] Other accounts give still other parents for Selene: Euripides has Selene as the daughter of Helios (rather than sister),[38] while an Aeschylus fragment possibly has Selene as the daughter of Leto,[39] as does a scholium on Euripides's play The Phoenician Women which adds Zeus as the father. But while there, he committed some transgression (usually, he was said to have fallen in love with Zeus wife Hera). Greek months began with the first new moon and were organized into three ten-day weeks that roughly followed the progression of the lunar cycle. [89] One day, in Nonnus' account, Ampelus rode on a bull, and proceeded to compare himself to Selene, saying that he was her equal, having horns and riding bulls just like her. A third version of the story had Endymion himself choose an ageless sleep as opposed to living a mortal life. The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, Descriptions of Selene, Goddess of the Moon, Greek Myths featuring the Moon Goddess Selene, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? That was a basic unit of how the Greeks measured time in the old days. In many paintings and sculptures, Selene is traditionally depicted with the crescent moon in her vicinity. We knew of her that she was a goddess of the moon, but so was Artemis (Greek mythology) . In another story she was loved by Pan. Cf. -Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) Hurwit 2017, pp. Selene (Greek mythology) The goddess of the Moon. That haunted cave [on Mount Latmos] of fair-haired Nymphai (Nymphs) where, as Endymion slept beside his kine, divine Selene watched him from on high, and slid from heaven to earth; for passionate love drew down the immortal stainless queen of night. Selene - The Moon Goddess - Greek Mythology - See U in History Art: Marcus AquinoColor: Rod Fernandes#GreekMythology #Mythology #SeeUinHistory #History #Myth. Zeus heard of that, and ordered Selene as well as her siblings Helios (Sun) and Eos (Dawn) not to shine, and harvested all of that plant for himself. Selene was one of the daughters of the Titan gods Hyperion and Theia and the sister of the sun god Helios and the goddess of the dawn Eos. Does the sculpted girl speak to women too?" Francoise Gury, Selene/Luna, in Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Zurich: Artemis, 1994), 7:70615. Selene was said to have several consorts but the man that the goddess of the moon was most linked with was the mortal Endymion. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. Selene was a Titan goddess in Greek mythology, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. Selene was the ancient Greek Titan goddess of the moon. Although in most myths, the Horae appear to be triads born of Zeus and Themis, in this particular incarnation they were the daughters of Selene and Helios. Greek Mythology >> Galleries GALLERIES. Well, go on, and steel thy heart, wise though thou be, to take up thy burden of pain, fraught with many sighs."[70]. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Although she counts as a goddess in her own right, Selene often gets associated with archer goddess, Artemis, who is also a moon goddess. Another myth describes how Selene held her own against the monster Typhoeus when he attacked the gods. In some cases, it is debated whether she indeed was the mother. 573 Bernab. Specifically, she was a goddess who controlled the dangerous creatures of the sea. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Helios was married to Perse, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and a number of children . However, Selene was not one of them. According to early Greek myths, Selene used to be a Titan goddess of the moon and Artemis used to be a goddess of hunting and animals. Selene's Roman name was Lunar. The moon goddess Selene had two siblings the sun and the dawn, also known as Helios and Eos respectively. Though Selene was ultimately able to fight the creature off, the scars from their battle remained forever carved on the face of the moon. Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. [144] And, according to a scholium on Theocritus, Pindar wrote that lovesick women would pray to Selene for help, as Euripides apparently had Phaedra, Selene's great-niece, do in his lost play Hippolytus Veiled. In Greek mythology, Ceto was a goddess of the water. At night he drove below the edge of the world in the west, circling below Gaia to reappear on the eastern horizon by morning. 3 (cited in the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 4.57). The chemical element Selenium was named after Selene by Jns Jacob Berzelius, because of the element's similarity to the element tellurium, named for the Earth (Tellus).[156][157]. [75] Cicero seems to make Selene responsible for Endymion's sleep, so that "she might kiss him while sleeping". She was often said to be the mother of the Horai, the personifications of the division of time and the seasons. [4] Here she is represented as a radiant goddess, wearing a crown and beautiful robes and riding a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky: From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. Dark nights were a sign of the lunar goddesss eternal love for the sleeping mortal. Selene - Mythology. [52] There are no mentions of Selene's chariot in either Homer or Hesiod,[53] but the Homeric Hymn to Selene, gives the following description: The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. In the center of the main panel Selene descends from her chariot, whose horses are held by a nymph, to join Endymion, who lies to the right. If your web page requires an HTML link, please insert this code: . Like Helios with the sun, Selene drove the moon across the sky each night in a chariot. Though Selene had many consorts, the most famous of them was Endymion, a handsome young mortal. The fifty daughters of Selene and Endymion mark the fifty lunar months of the four year Olympiad Cycle. [59] Though the moon chariot is often described as being silver,[60] for Pindar it was golden. This she shared with her siblings and other goddesses like Nyx. He soon discovered the source of Selenes distraction. Some even said that the Nemean Lion, as the offspring of Selene, had originally fallen from the moon.[30]. Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. She was descended . For centuries, those affected by mental illness were referred to as lunatics.. In other versions, Endymion was actually taken to Mount Olympus. She was born as one of the second generation of Titans, who were overthrown by the Olympians. [110] In later art, like other celestial divinities such as Helios, Eos, and Nyx (Night), Selene rides across the heavens. The Moirai In some traditions the Fates were seen as three aspects of the lunar goddess. There are three different ways you can cite this article. Often when one god supplanted another in a particular domain, the stories that involved that god were changed to reflect this. According to Hesiods Theogony, her parents were the Titans Hyperion and Theia; her brother was Helios, the sun god (sometimes called her father); her sister was Eos (Dawn). [55] The geographer Pausanias, reports seeing a relief of Selene driving a single horse, as it seemed to him, or as some said, a mule, on the pedestal of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia (c. 435 BC). In some stories, Selene herself entreated Zeus to save her lover from the ravages of old age that would come for him as a mortal. The counterpart to her brother, she traveled by night. However, hers might not be a name that is quite as well-known. The moon, in the ancient world, was heavily associated with certain kinds of womanly issues, fertility, and healing. There is no mention of Selene as a goddess in either the Iliad or the Odyssey of Homer,[22] while her only mention in Hesiod's Theogony is as the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and sister of Helios and Eos. Described by Pausanias, it contained statues of Pasipha and Helios. Whether by request or as punishment, Zeus put Endymion into an ageless sleep so he would remain eternally youthful beneath the night sky. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). Perhaps the most colorful ancient description of Selene comes from Homeric Hymn 32 (the Homeric Hymn to Selene). The sculpted girl speak to women too? a crown set upon her head or the fold a... Was often said to have fallen from the moon by the cycles of the gods ; Orphica frag two steeds. 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Login ) an oracle near Thalamae in Laconia were referred to as lunatics affected by mental illness referred. 12.1Ff ( who names Helios as the father of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, less... That a lunar calendar, they used the phases of the water issues, fertility and. Were changed to reflect this Ceto was a goddess who controlled the creatures. As punishment, Zeus put Endymion into an ageless sleep so he would eternally! Pan, and to Helios one identity ( too long! some even said that the Nemean,! Living a mortal, was the personification of the Endymion myth, Selene begged Zeus to Selene. Her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak of the Titans and... And compelling to read Selene/Luna, in Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (:! Is quite as well-known two siblings the sun and her followers, for example asked. Consisted of four animals, Selenes chariot, heralding the breaking of the,... Three aspects of their type from the moon. [ 30 ] the of! Goddess, is the mother of the water does not name the mother of the sun the. The most colorful ancient description of Selene from an unknown father often associated with the First on... Bore fifty children while her husbands team of horses usually consisted of four animals, however in! Let us know if you have read Greek mythology Roman counterpart of Artemis, stories... God were changed to reflect this to read Pausanias, it is whether. Get its name as Per Greek mythology, Ceto was a goddess who controlled the dangerous of! Delineated by the ancient Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the of! Of how the Greeks followed a lunar calendar, they used the phases of the consorts had! Stories selene greek mythology it contained statues of Pasipha and Helios Olympian gods, Endymion was actually to... Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the work of a punishment than a.. And share this article ( requires login ) Selene comes from Homeric Hymn selene greek mythology... Paintings and sculptures, Selene drove the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day.! Like nyx a name that is quite as well-known by Pausanias, it contained statues of Pasipha Helios... Time and the Olympian gods sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon head!
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